Ntau yam ntawm cov pob zeb hauv av thiab cov kev xaiv rau mounting cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ntau hom ru tsev, qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm txheej txheej fiber ntau, cov cai rau xaiv cov khoom, kev teeb tsa thev naus laus zis. Ru rwb thaiv tsev nrog cov ntxhia pob zeb yog tsim cov plhaub rau kev tiv thaiv lub tsev los ntawm qhov txias, ua kom sov, nag lossis daus. Qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm txheej txheej rwb thaiv tsev cua sov suav nrog, ntxiv rau lub hauv paus tseem ceeb, chav ua dej thiab cov khoom siv tiv thaiv dej, ib qho screed los tiv thaiv kev tawm dag zog. Koj tuaj yeem kawm paub txog cov cai rau tsim kom sov "ncuav qab zib" los ntawm kab lus no.
Nta ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm rwb thaiv tsev ru tsev nrog cov ntxhia pob zeb
Cov ntaub plaub tsiaj yog cov rwb thaiv tsev ua kom sov ua los ntawm cov pob zeb ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb. Tag nrho qhov chaw pub dawb ntawm cov khoom siv tau ntim nrog cov roj inert, yog li cov khoom muaj cov cuab yeej zoo heev.
Muaj peb hom ntxhia pob zeb:
- Pob zeb ntaub … Nws yog tsim los ntawm basalt. Nws cov fibers yog luv, yog li cov vaj huam sib luag yog tawv thiab tsis rov zoo tom qab kev sib zog. Blocks khaws lawv cov duab nyob rau hauv siab cov neeg kho tshuab kev nyuaj siab thiab feem ntau siv rau insulating tiaj ru tsev. Nws raug nquahu kom nruab cov insulator rau ntawm lub ru tsev ntawm theem pib ntawm kev tsim kho.
- Iav iav … Ua los ntawm cov khoom siv tib yam li iav. Nws cov fibers yog ntev, daim hlau yog mos, ywj, xoob heev. Cov khoom lag luam zoo dua li pob zeb ib qho ntawm cov yam ntxwv rwb thaiv tsev cua sov. Cov ntawv tau yooj yim tuav ntawm rafters ntawm lub ru tsev nqes hav yam tsis muaj txuas ntxiv. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm iav ntaub plaub thiab ntaub plaub basalt yog nws qhov hnyav thiab lub suab zoo nqus. Nws yog feem ntau siv los kho cov cua sov-insulating txheej thiab ntawm cov qauv puas. Nws raug nqi tsawg dua cov khoom lag luam basalt.
- Slag ntaub plaub … Ua los ntawm cov cua sov tawg pov tseg. Nws yog qhov qis dua hauv cov yam ntxwv tiv tshav kub rau pob zeb thiab iav, tab sis nws pheej yig dua. Nws yog siv feem ntau ntawm cov tsev pabcuam.
Thaum insulating lub ru tsev, cov ntxhia pob zeb tau muab tso nruab nrab ntawm cov rafters. Cov iav iav yog ywj thiab tuaj yeem tuav ntawm nws tus kheej vim nws cov elasticity. Basalt yog qhov nruj dua, thiab rau kev nrawm nws yog qhov tsim nyog los txhim kho lub crate.
Rwb thaiv tsev zoo ib yam ntawm qhov ntau thiab tsawg lossis cov khoom yob uas muaj qhov dav ntawm 1, 2 lossis 0.6 m tau teeb tsa ntawm lub ru tsev. Qhov siab tshaj plaws yob ntev yog 10 m. lub tsev nyob. Feem ntau, cov ntawv nrog tuab ntawm 150-200 hli tau siv. Yog tias lub caij ntuj no hnyav, txheej yuav tsum tuab dua, yog li cov vaj huam sib luag tau muab tso rau hauv ntau kab.
Cov plaub mos mos ua kua dej ua rau dej tawm, tab sis nruab nrab ntawm lawv muaj cov voids uas tau ntim nrog dej sai. Yog tias cov dej noo hauv rwb thaiv tsev ntau dua 2% ntawm nws tus kheej qhov hnyav, nws qhov ua tau zoo yuav txo los ntawm 50%. Yog li, insulating "ncuav mog qab zib" yuav tsum muaj cov khoom tiv thaiv dej thiab cov pa thaiv cov khoom uas tiv thaiv cov khoom lag luam los ntawm ya raws: lawv raug kaw ntawm ob sab nrog tshwj xeeb daim nyias nyias uas tsis pub dej hla mus.
Cov ntaub plaub mos mos tuaj yeem ua mob rau lub cev, lawv tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txaus ntshai rau cov pa thiab qhov muag. Cov paj rwb tau khaus thaum nws los rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv koj tus kheej, ua raws txoj cai kev nyab xeeb yooj yim tshaj plaws - ua haujlwm hauv lub tshuab ua pa, tsom iav, thiab tsoos tsho ntev. Khaws cov khoom no kom deb ntawm cov menyuam. Tom qab ua haujlwm, sau nws cov seem - tsis txhob cia nws tawg thoob plaws lub vaj. Thov nco ntsoov tias ntawm txhua hom insulators, iav iav yog suav tias yog qhov txaus ntshai tshaj plaws.
Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub ru tsev rwb thaiv tsev nrog cov ntxhia pob zeb
Cov txheej tiv thaiv raws li cov ntxhia fiber ntau sawv rau nws cov yam ntxwv zoo, vim tias cov insulator feem ntau siv rau ntawm lub ru tsev.
Qhov zoo tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntxhia pob zeb suav nrog cov khoom hauv qab no:
- Tsis hlawv los yog yaj, tsis tso cov pa lom.
- Cov khoom tau ua tiav sai, uas ua kom nrawm dua cov txheej txheem teeb tsa.
- Cov ntaub plaub mos mos ntawm qhov ntom ntom hnyav me ntsis, nws tuaj yeem siv los tiv thaiv lub ru tsev ntawm cov tsev puas.
- Lub rwb thaiv tsev tiv thaiv chav nyob los ntawm suab nrov.
- Hauv kev lag luam koj tuaj yeem pom cov qauv ntawm ntau qhov sib txawv, uas tso cai rau koj xaiv qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau ib lub ru tsev tshwj xeeb.
- Cov khoom ua rau ntshai nas thiab lwm yam nas.
- Cov khoom yog tiv taus pwm thiab mildew.
- Cov txheej muaj lub neej ua haujlwm ntev.
- Vata tsis hloov nws cov txiaj ntsig nrog qhov hloov pauv kub.
- Cov khoom lag luam tau txiav txim siab yog cov peev nyiaj insulator vim nws tus nqi qis.
Cov ntawv fibrous muaj ntau qhov tsis zoo. Cov no suav nrog:
- Tsawg zog tensile.
- Yuav tsum siv cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv los tiv thaiv kev ya raws.
- Lub peev xwm nqus dej, uas ua rau poob ntawm cov khoom siv yooj yim. Qhov no feem ntau txhawj xeeb txog iav ntaub plaub.
- Nws yog ib qho yooj yim los ua yuam kev hauv kev kwv yees qhov ywj pheej ntawm cov pob zeb. Lawv tuaj yeem poob tawm ntawm tus ncej, uas yuav ua rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm tag nrho txheej.
Ru tsev rwb thaiv tsev tshuab nrog ntxhia wool
Kev sov yog nqa tawm hauv ob theem. Thawj qhov, cov nplais tau ua kom zoo (yog tias ua haujlwm tau ua tiav ntawm lub ru tsev tiaj tus) lossis kho nrog cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv (yog tias lub ru tsev raug kho). Kev npaj ua haujlwm tseem suav nrog kev xaiv qib ntawm cov khoom siv fibrous thiab kev txiav txim siab ntawm nws cov tuab. Tom ntej no, lub ntsuas cua sov tau teeb tsa raws li txoj kev teeb tsa xaiv.
Kev xaiv cov ntxhia pob zeb rau rwb thaiv tsev
Mineral wool ua haujlwm nyob rau qhov xwm txheej hnyav, yog li tsuas yog cov insulators zoo tuaj yeem qhia qhov txiaj ntsig zoo. Thaum yuav khoom, siv peb cov lus pom zoo.
Thaum lub rwb thaiv tsev ntawm lub ru tsev pitched, cov ntxhia pob zeb tau muab tso nruab nrab ntawm cov rafters. Hauv qhov no, qhov ntev ntawm cov ntawv txheeb yog qhov tseem ceeb. Xaiv qhov dav ntawm iav iav thaiv ob peb centimeters ntau dua qhov nrug nruab nrab ntawm kab teeb. Cov khoom lag luam yog mos thiab muaj zog thiab tuaj yeem nyob hauv lawv qhov chaw qub yam tsis muaj cov kws kho ntxiv. Tsis txhob nce cov nqaim nqaim - qhov khoob yuav ua rau kom sov poob.
Nws raug nquahu kom insulate lub ru tsev nqes hav nrog cov ntawv nrog qhov ntom ntom ntawm 75-160 kg / m3… Cov ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom hnyav heev thiab xav tau txuas ntxiv. Lub thickness ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag yuav tsum yog 1/3 tsawg dua qhov siab ntawm rafters.
Cov txheej txheem ntawm cov pob zeb yaj tsis tuaj yeem kho tau li no. Cov vaj huam sib luag tsis rov zoo li lawv lub cev tom qab ziab, yog li ntawd lawv tsis tuav ntawm lawv tus kheej. Txhawm rau txhim kho lawv, ntsaws lawv rau ntawm slats los ntawm ib sab ntawm nthab mus rau lub crate. Rau cov rwb thaiv tsev, yuav cov ntawv tshwj xeeb nrog cov npoo muag. Cov qauv tshwj xeeb tuav cov hnoos qeev zoo ib yam li iav ntaub plaub.
Nws yog pom zoo kom nteg pob zeb wool rau ib tug ca ru tsev, nws yog denser thiab tiv siab txhua yam kev nyuaj siab. Txawm li cas los xij, lwm hom insulator tuaj yeem siv tau yog tias lawv qhov ntom ntau dua 160 kg / m3.
Yog tias tsis muaj cov nplais ntawm qhov kwv yees qhov ntev, yuav cov ntawv uas muaj tuab tuab dua thiab teeb lawv ua ob peb kab. Feem ntau, cov vaj huam sib luag tau teeb tsa hauv txoj hauv kev no yog kwv yees qhov tuab ntawm txheej txheej ntau dua 150 hli.
Nws tsis tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom thaum yuav khoom, tab sis nws tuaj yeem txiav txim siab qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov insulator yog tias koj ua raws li peb cov lus pom zoo:
- Tsis txhob yuav cov khoom ntub. Dej txo cov yam ntxwv yooj yim ntawm cov pob zeb thiab ua rau rotting ntawm cov kab ntoo thiab cov phab ntsa.
- Cov ntawv yuav tsum muab cia rau qhov chaw qhuav. Yog tias cov khoom raug khaws cia sab nraum zoov, cov khoom lag luam yuav tsum tau muab qhwv rau hauv hnab yas kaw.
- Yuav cov ntxhia hauv cov khw muag khoom lag luam. Hauv qhov no, txoj hauv kev yuav cov khoom cuav yog tsawg.
- Txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv cov khoom ntawm daim ntawv lo. Nws yuav tsum muaj cov lus pom zoo ntawm kev siv cov khoom lag luam, cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb, chaw tsim khoom, hnub tso tawm ntawm cov khoom.
- Yog tias koj nyob ntawm pob peev nyiaj, nco ntsoov tias tus nqi ntawm cov khoom lag luam cuam tshuam los ntawm qib kev nyiam ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom, qhov tawv ntawm cov ntawv txheeb, hom ntxhia pob zeb, thiab qhov tsis sib xws ntawm qhov ntom ntawm cov thaiv.
- Cov khoom lag luam ntawm cov tuam txhab German tau txiav txim siab ua tau zoo tshaj plaws: hauv lub tebchaws no lawv siv daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hnyav heev.
Rwb thaiv tsev ntawm lub ru tsev nqes hav nrog cov ntxhia pob zeb
Lub ru tsev nthab yog rwb thaiv tsev ob txoj hauv kev - los ntawm kev sau qhov sib txawv nruab nrab ntawm lub rafters lossis los ntawm kev txuas cov paj rwb los ntawm cov ntoo (saum toj lossis hauv qab). Qhov kev xaiv thib ob yog suav tias yog ntseeg tau ntau dua, vim Hauv qhov no, cov ntawv tsim ib daim npog uas tsis cais los ntawm kab teeb. Tab sis feem ntau cov khoom tau muab tso rau sab hauv lub thav duab, uas txo lub sijhawm ua haujlwm.
Nws raug nquahu kom insulate lub ru tsev pov tseg thaum tsim lub tsev, ua ke nrog rwb thaiv tsev cua sov ntawm phab ntsa hauv tsev. Nyob rau theem no ntawm kev tsim kho lub tsev, cov rafters tuaj yeem tso rau hauv tus lej ntawm cov ntaub plaub ntawm cov plaub tsiaj thiab tsis hloov kho nws. Nco ntsoov tias qhov ntev ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag yog 2-3 cm loj dua qhov nrug nruab nrab ntawm kab teeb.
Kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum ua tiav tsuas yog huab cua qhuav, yog li ntawd, thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg, lub ru tsev tau teeb tsa ua ntej, thiab cov insulator tau muab tso rau hauv nws qhov chaw ib txwm los ntawm sab nthab. Rwb thaiv tsev ntawm lub ru tsev nrog cov ntxhia pob zeb los ntawm sab hauv kuj tseem nqa tawm hauv cov tsev qub.
Cia peb txiav txim siab hauv kev nthuav dav txoj hauv kev tso cov khoom rau hauv tus ncej:
- Npog cov pawg thiab cov slats nrog cov kua tshwj xeeb los tiv thaiv rotting, hlawv, thiab kab.
- Ntsuas qhov khoob ntawm kab teeb, ntxiv 2-3 cm thiab txiav cov ntawv rau qhov ntev uas xav tau. Cov hnoos qeev yuav tsum nkag mus nrog kev siv zog me ntsis rau hauv qhov chaw ib txwm muaj thiab kho nyob hauv txoj haujlwm no yam tsis muaj txhais tau tias ntxiv.
- Sau tag nrho qhov chaw hauv tus thav duab nrog cov ntxhia pob zeb.
- Ua tib zoo tshuaj xyuas cov txheej, yog tias muaj cov kab nrib pleb, sau lawv nrog paj rwb ntaub qhwv.
- Txheeb xyuas tias cov ntawv txheeb tau ruaj khov. Yog tias tsim nyog, ntxiv rau kho cov vaj huam sib luag hauv lwm txoj kev.
- Npog cov qauv ntoo los ntawm sab kev nrog zaj duab xis tiv thaiv dej nrog kev sib tshooj ntawm 15-20 cm ntawm kev txiav ib sab thiab ntawm phab ntsa. Yob tawm daim nyias nyias los ntawm hauv av nthab mus rau lub skates. Tsis txhob rub daim ntaub, nws yuav tsum dai me ntsis.
- Kaw cov pob qij txha nrog daim kab xev tshwj xeeb. Daim ntawv yuav khaws cov dej thaum muaj lub ru tsev xau, tab sis yuav tsis cuam tshuam qhov txav ntawm cov dej noo los ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev txheej, yog tias nws muaj nyob ntawd.
- Haum cov battens thiab counter battens hauv qab lub ru tsev. Nco ntsoov tias tom qab teeb tsa sab nrauv muaj qhov sib nrug ntawm 50 hli nruab nrab ntawm nws thiab cov ntawv ci rau qhov cua nkag.
- Txhim kho slate, shingles lossis lwm yam khoom siv.
- Txuas daim kab xev thaiv cov pa rau rafters los ntawm hauv qab no, uas yuav tiv thaiv cov ntaub plaub thiab cov ntoo los ntawm huab cua ntub los ntawm cov chaw nyob. Tso zaj duab xis nrog kev sib tshooj ntawm 15-20 cm ntawm daim uas nyob ib sab thiab ntawm phab ntsa. Tsis txhob ncab daim ntawv, qhov kev tso cai kom pom nyob rau hauv 1 cm. Qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tiv thaiv cov rwb thaiv tsev los ntawm sab hauv ntawm chav yog kev txhawb nqa peb txheej txheej ntawv ci.
- Nws tsis tas yuav tsum npog sab hauv ntawm cov insulator nrog cov vaj huam sib luag zoo nkauj.
Cov nplais pobzeb siab yog hnyav thiab yuav tsis tuaj yeem tuav lawv tus kheej ntawm kab teeb ntawm lawv tus kheej. Hauv qhov no, ua ntej kev teeb tsa, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ua lub crate ntawm txoj kab uas lawv yuav so.
Rwb thaiv tsev ntawm lub ru tsev tiaj tus
Cov ntaub pua plag tawv tau siv los tiv thaiv lub ru tsev tiaj tus. Rau cov laj thawj no, cov ntaub plaub pob zeb yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws, tab sis lub iav ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom zoo heev Tsis txhob siv cov qauv mos. Lawv sag thaum taug kev saum ru tsev, los ntawm daus lossis cua daj cua dub, uas tuaj yeem ua rau tawg ntawm cov pa thaiv.
Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam txog kev tiv thaiv dej, cov ntawv tau npog nrog cov cement-sand screed. Cov txheej ntxiv ua kom lub nra rau hauv pem teb, yog li kev txiav txim siab siv lub screed tau ua nyob ntawm qhov muaj zog ntawm cov qauv.
Qhov feem ntau yog ob txoj hauv kev tiv thaiv lub ru tsev tiaj tus nrog cov ntxhia pob zeb-ib txheej thiab ob txheej. Thawj qhov kev xaiv cuam tshuam nrog kev siv ib txheej ntawm insulator.
Ua haujlwm ntawm kev teeb tsa pob zeb hauv av hauv ib txheej yog ua tiav hauv cov kab hauv qab no:
- Ntxuav lub ru tsev los ntawm cov khoom txawv teb chaws, av, txheej txheej qub.
- Txheeb xyuas tias tsis muaj qhov khoob thiab kev nyuaj siab. Yog pom, sau cov kab noj hniav nrog cov cement mortar lossis putty.
- Muab tus kav ntev rau lub hauv paus thiab xyuas kom tsis muaj qhov khoob hauv qab. Tua qhov seem uas nthuav tawm.
- Yog tias thaj chaw tsis sib xws nyob hauv thaj chaw loj, sau tag nrho cov kev sib tshooj nrog cov cement-sand mortar nrog txoj kab nqes ntawm 2-5 degrees nrog kev hwm rau lub qab ntug. Tos rau qhov saum npoo kom qhuav thiab ua haujlwm txuas ntxiv.
- Thawj qhov saum npoo.
- Waterproof lub ru tsev. Cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog feem ntau tiv thaiv nrog cov neeg ua haujlwm txheej. Cov khoom nrov tshaj plaws yog bituminous mastic. Cov ntoo ntoo tau npog nrog cov khoom siv zaj duab xis xws li tuab polyethylene.
- Thov bituminous mastic rau thaj tsam me me ntawm lub ru tsev thiab faib nws tusyees thoob plaws saum npoo. Teem ib daim ntawv ntawm pob zeb wool rau saum thiab nias zoo kom lub hauv paus. Nruab qhov thaiv ob hauv tib txoj kev thiab nias nws tawm tsam thawj. Teem lub vaj huam sib luag nrog qhov offset hauv lub dav hlau kab rov tav kom cov pob qij txha tsis ua kab.
- Nyob rau sab saum toj, tiv thaiv lub rwb thaiv tsev nrog lub ru tsev thiab bitumen. Nws tsis pom zoo kom taug kev ntawm lub ru tsev zoo li no, nws yuav khoov. Txhawm rau kom ua kom nruj ntawm txheej, ua ntej tso cov khoom vov tsev, cov mats tau npog nrog txheej txheej ntawm cov cement-sand screed.
Ob-qib ru tsev npog yog tsim los ntawm cov ntaub plaub ntawm ntau yam ntom ntom. Cov ntawv tuab ntawm qhov ntom ntom ntom ntaws tau muab tso rau hauv qab - 100-125 kg / m3, saum toj kawg nkaus - cov qauv me me, tab sis ntau ntom - 180-200 kg / m3, lawv kim dua. Cov thaiv sab saud yuav tsum sib tshooj sib koom ua ke ntawm kab qis. Ua ntej tso cov txheej sab nrauv, kab hauv qab tau npog nrog bitumen mastic. Npog txheej rwb thaiv tsev nrog cov ntawv bituminous rau kev tiv thaiv dej.
Yuav ua li cas insulate lub ru tsev nrog cov ntxhia pob zeb - saib cov vis dis aus:
Kev tsim cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv raws li cov ntaub plaub hauv av tau suav tias yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tiv thaiv cua sov ntawm sab saud ntawm lub tsev. Txhawm rau ua tiav qhov txiaj ntsig zoo, yuav tsum tau ua tsawg me ntsis - txhawm rau txhim kho cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev thiab ua haujlwm tiag.
