Hom yeeb nkab hlau thiab lawv thaj chaw thov. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv hlau thiab tooj liab. Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm txoj kev loj hlau. Tus nqi ntawm cov kav hlau hlau rau roj.
Cov kav hlau rau cov nkev yog cov khoom siv tau ntau yam los tsim cov raj xa dej saum toj lossis hauv av thiab kev sib txuas hauv tsev. Lawv tus yam ntxwv ua rau nws muaj peev xwm los ua haujlwm hauv txhua qhov xwm txheej. Hauv kab lus koj yuav pom cov ntaub ntawv muaj txiaj ntsig txog cov hlau thiab cov kav hlau tooj liab, uas yuav pab koj nrog kev teeb tsa tus kheej ntawm lub network roj sab hauv.
Cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog cov kav hlau
Hauv daim duab, cov kav hlau rau cov raj xa dej
Cov raj xa hluav taws uas ua los ntawm cov kav hlau tau tsim los txav cov pa hluav taws. Yog li ntawd, qhov tshwj xeeb xav tau raug tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem txheej txheem, uas tsis suav nrog lawv cov xau thiab ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb hluav taws ntawm cov qauv. Cov yam ntxwv no muaj los ntawm cov kav dej ua los ntawm cov hlau thiab tooj liab, tsim los siv thev naus laus zis tshwj xeeb.
Qhov dav tshaj plaws yog cov raj xa dej ua los ntawm cov hlau. Lawv tau ua los ntawm cov pa roj carbon tsawg (txog 0.25%) tsis muaj sulfur (qhov tso cai tau nce txog 0.056%) thiab phosphorus (txog 0.046%). Cov qib hlau rau kev tsim cov ntawv sau tau muab rau hauv GOST 280-2005.
Cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov hlau cuam tshuam rau cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no:
- Qhov siab hauv kab yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov siab, nruab nrab thiab qis.
- Tso cov khoom - saum toj no, hauv av lossis hauv tsev.
- Lub hom phiaj ntawm tus qauv yog lub ntsiab lossis faib khoom. Qhov kev xaiv tom kawg yog siv los xa roj los ntawm txoj kev tseem ceeb mus rau cov ntsiab lus siv.
Raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua hauv tsev cov cai, cov raj xa dej los ntawm cov kav hlau tau sib sau ua ke los ntawm cov hom hauv qab no:
- Seamless … Cov khoom lag luam yog tsim los ntawm txoj hauv kev hlau thooj voos kheej kheej. Tom qab tus txheej txheem, tau txais lub tog raj kheej hollow, uas tau dhau los ntawm txoj kab sib dhos. Qhov nyuaj ntawm kev tsim khoom yog qhov siab heev, yog li qhov khoob yog kim. Cov kav dej tsis sib haum tuaj yeem ua rau kub kub thiab txias txias. Cov qub muaj cov phab ntsa txog li 75 hli tuab, yog li ntawd lawv tau siv rau hauv kev tsim cov raj xa hluav taws xob siab thiab rau kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb yog hnyav. Qhov chaw ua haujlwm txias tau tsim nrog txoj kab uas hla txog 250 hli nrog phab ntsa tuab txog li 24 hli. Lawv tau tsim los rau qhov siab me ntsis.
- Welded … Cov kav dej zoo li no tau tsim los ntawm txoj hauv kev muab cov ntawv hlau ua cov duab, ua raws los ntawm kev txuas cov pob qij txha. Cov txheej txheem tshwm sim hauv hom tsis siv neeg, uas ua kom ntseeg tau siab ntawm kev sib txuas. Lawv tau tsim nrog cov phab ntsa tuab sib txawv, yog li lawv muaj ntau yam kev siv. Cov kav dej txuas tuaj yeem yog qhov ntev lossis muab kauv txuas.
- Ncaj ncaj … Cov kab sib koom ua ke sib luag rau cov khoom lag luam. Lawv muaj cov yam ntxwv pom tau, tab sis tsis muaj kev nyab xeeb txaus. Nyob rau hauv qhov siab, cov yeeb nkab tuaj yeem tawg raws qhov nqaws. Lawv yog cov pheej yig vim yog kev siv vuam tshuab yooj yim. Cov ntu zoo li feem ntau ntawm txhua cov kav hlau. Feem ntau, cov khoom ua haujlwm tau txuas nrog siv TIG thev naus laus zis siv tungsten electrode hauv ib puag ncig cov pa roj. Tsis ntev los no, kev siv vuam tau ua tiav siv HF thev naus laus zis (vuam nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau zaus), uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm kom tau txais kev sib koom ua ke zoo thaum txo nqi tsim khoom.
- Muab kauv kav dej … Nws mus thoob plaws saum npoo av. Tsawg zog thiab siv ntawm qhov siab tsis pub ntau tshaj 16 qhov chaw. Lawv tau siv rau cov kab hluav taws xob hauv cheeb tsam thiab thaum tsim cov raj xa dej hauv tsev. Cov khoom lag luam no muaj tus nqi qis dua piv rau txoj kev xaiv ntev ntev.
- Cov kav dej roj … Hauv cov txheej txheem roj, cov kav dej siv roj feem ntau siv, los ntawm cov khoom siv dej kuj tau sau. Lawv tau tsim los ntawm cov hlua hlau los ntawm kev siv vuam. Cov khoom lag luam zoo li no tau siv hauv cov tshuab sab hauv tsev nrog lub zog qis.
Nws feem ntau lees paub tias cov kav hlau yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau kab, tab sis muaj lwm txoj kev xaiv. Cov khoom tooj liab hauv lawv tus yam ntxwv tsis zoo dua li cov hlau, thiab hauv ntau tus yam ntxwv lawv hla lawv. Yog li ntawd, cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo tias kev thaiv kab hauv chav tsev yog ua los ntawm tooj liab. Rau qhov no, nws yog qhov tsim nyog uas lawv ua raws li cov cai ntawm SNiP 42-01-2002 thiab SP 42-101-2003.
Cov kav tooj liab yog tsim los ntawm kev vuam lossis rub. Thawj hom sib txawv ntawm qhov thib ob los ntawm qhov muaj cov welded seam. Ob qho kev xaiv tsim nyog rau cov raj xa dej, tab sis cov neeg siv nyiam qhov kawg. Seamless qhov ib txwm tau txiav txim siab ntau dua vim tias tsis muaj thaj chaw "tsis muaj zog" ntawm lawv.
Hauv khw muag khoom, koj tuaj yeem yuav cov kav hlau rau roj nrog cov rwb thaiv tsev ntxiv ua los ntawm ua npuas dej polyethylene lossis polyvinyl chloride los tiv thaiv kev tawm dag zog sab nraud. Cov txheej ua rau txoj kab tsis pom kev sab hauv.
Cov kav dej feem ntau tau teeb tsa hauv av. Ntawm qhov kev txhawb nqa, txoj kab tau tso rau thaum muaj teeb meem uas tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm. Hauv tsev, txoj kev taug tau sib sau ua ke hauv txoj kev qhib, uas sib haum rau cov xwm txheej rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm.
Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov kav hlau rau roj
Duab ntawm cov raj xa dej ua los ntawm cov kav hlau
Cov kav hlau niaj hnub no sib tw nrog cov khoom yas, tab sis tsis muaj lwm txoj hauv kev thaum tsim cov pa roj hauv cov tsev thiab tsev.
Ib txoj kab hlau muaj tus lej zoo ntawm cov yas tsim:
- Cov kav dej tau ruaj khov thiab tuaj yeem tiv taus siab.
- Cov khoom ua haujlwm tau txuas nrog vuam, uas ua kom ntseeg tau siab ntawm cov pob qij txha.
- Lawv tuaj yeem ua haujlwm hauv txhua qhov huab cua.
- Cov khoom lag luam yog thoob ntiaj teb thiab tau siv hauv cov raj xa dej sab nraum zoov thiab sab hauv tsev.
- Cov qauv hlau muaj qhov qis coefficient ntawm kev nthuav dav nrog kev hloov pauv kub.
- Cov hlau tsis hnov mob nrog cov tshuaj lom neeg uas muaj nyob hauv cov pa roj.
Thaum tsim cov raj xa dej los ntawm cov kav hlau, nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum nco ntsoov qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov kev tsim qauv:
- Kev teeb tsa kab yog qhov nyuaj heev, vim tias cov khoom txuas nrog vuam.
- Nws siv sijhawm ntev los teeb tsa lub kaw lus.
- Cov hlau yuav xeb nyob rau lub sijhawm, uas yuav ua rau lub neej luv ntawm lub system. Cov khoom lag luam galvanized thiab cov kav dej nrog txheej txheej tiv thaiv xeb yog tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo. Feem ntau qhov teeb meem tau daws los ntawm kev siv cov tshuaj polymer lossis polyurethane ua npuas txheej.
- Cov khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khawm. Piv txwv li, tus nqi ntawm 25 mm hlau yeeb nkab rau roj nruab nrab 49, 7 UAH. rau 1 m, uas yog ob peb zaug ntau dua li cov qauv yas ntawm lub hom phiaj zoo sib xws.
- Qhov hnyav hnyav ua rau muaj nqi ntau dua ntawm kev thauj mus los thiab teeb tsa cov khoom lag luam.
- Cov qauv hlau xav tau kev tiv thaiv cathodic.
- Muaj kev txwv ntawm txoj hauv kev teeb tsa: cov kav dej nrog cov xov sib txuas yuav tsum tsis txhob muab tso rau hauv av, thiab thaum muaj flange pob qij txha, tshwj xeeb qhov dej yuav tsum tau muab rau lawv tswj.
- Ntau txheej txheej nyob ntawm phab ntsa sab hauv, uas ua rau txhaws ntawm qhov system.
Hauv daim duab, cov raj xa dej ua los ntawm cov yeeb nkab tooj liab
Cov yeeb nkab tooj liab muaj tus lej zoo ntawm cov hlau:
- Lub neej ua haujlwm yog ntau xyoo lawm.
- Cov khoom siv me me khoov zoo.
- Cov kav dej tau tiv taus xeb heev.
- Lawv tsis tawg, deform thiab tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias heev.
- Kev teeb tsa thev naus laus zis cuam tshuam nrog kev siv cov khoom siv sib koom ua haujlwm, yog li kev ua haujlwm tau ua sai li sai tau.
Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom siv yog nws tus nqi siab: cov txheej txheem no raug nqi ntau zaus ntau dua li hlau thiab yas. Cov khoom siv tau tsuas yog siv hauv cov tshuab ua kom muaj zog tsawg.
Yuav xaiv cov kav hlau rau roj li cas?
Hauv kev tsim thiab tsim kho cov raj xa dej los ntawm cov kav hlau, ntau yam raug coj los rau hauv tus account. Yam koj yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas thaum xaiv cov khoom seem tau piav qhia hauv qab no.
Txhua qhov kev tuav cov roj tau muab faib ua 4 pawg:
- Qeb 1 … Nws suav nrog txoj kev loj nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 1000-1200 hli nrog lub siab ntawm 0.5-1, 2 MPa thiab ntau dua ntawm cov chaw faib khoom. Kev teeb tsa cov txheej txheem tau ua tiav raws li cov phiaj xwm tshwj xeeb tsim tshwj xeeb.
- Qeb 2 … Lub kaw lus ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv qhov siab ntawm 0.3-0.6 MPa. Nws tau tsim los ntawm cov chaw faib khoom rau cov tuam txhab, cov tsev nyob, thiab lwm yam. Cov raj xa dej tau sib sau ua ke los ntawm ntu 500-1000 mm hauv txoj kab uas hla.
- Qeb 3 … Cov kab no tau sib sau ua ke los ntawm qhov khoob nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 300-500 hli, tiv qhov siab ntawm 0.05-0.3 MPa. Kev tsim qauv yog npaj rau kev tso roj los ntawm lub nroog loj mus rau cov chaw faib khoom hauv cheeb tsam, uas nyob ze cov tsev thiab lwm cov ntsiab lus siv.
- Qeb 4 … Cov kav dej tau ua haujlwm nrog qhov siab tshaj plaws txog li 0.05 MPa, uas tau tso cai rau hauv tsev. Roj tau muab los ntawm cov ceg ncaj qha rau cov khoom siv hauv tsev.
Cov khoom siv hlau tuaj yeem siv rau kev tsim kho ntawm txhua pawg ntawm cov raj xa dej. Tooj liab - los tsim pawg 4 txheej txheem thaum txhim kho kev sib txuas hauv tsev. Cov khoom siv corrugated steel tau teeb tsa hauv cov raj xa dej ntawm qeb 4 rau txuas cov cuab yeej siv hauv tsev mus rau txoj kev loj.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov kav hlau rau cov raj xa dej
Thaum xaiv cov kav dej, ua ntej tshaj plaws, yuav tsum them nyiaj rau phab ntsa tuab thiab txoj kab uas hla, uas txiav txim siab qhov tso cai siab hauv lub kaw lus.
Txheeb xyuas cov kev xaiv hauv qab no:
- Du yog lub cheeb nominal ntawm cov yeeb nkab hlau. Tus nqi tau txais tom qab muab cov npe nominal.
- Дн - txheej sab nrauv ntawm cov yeeb nkab. Raws li qhov ntsuas no, cov khoom raug faib ua 3 pawg: me me - 5-12 hli; nruab nrab - 102-426 hli; loj - ntau dua 426 hli.
- S yog tuab ntawm cov yeeb nkab hlau.
- Dvn - sab hauv loj, xam raws li cov mis Dvn = Dn - 2S.
Qhov ntev ntawm cov kav hlau rau cov nkev yog tus qauv. Parameter ntawm cov khoom rau txoj kev loj hauv tsev:
| Txoj kab uas hla, hli | Sab nraum txoj kab uas hla, hli | Cov kav dej | ||||||
| Lub ntsws | Tsis tu ncua | Txhawb zog | ||||||
| nti | hli | Phab ntsa tuab, hli | Qhov hnyav 1 m, kg | Phab ntsa tuab, hli | Qhov hnyav 1 m, kg | Phab ntsa tuab, hli | Qhov hnyav 1 m, kg | |
| 1/2 | 15 | 21.3 | 2.5 | 1.16 | 2.7 | 1.28 | 3.2 | 1.43 |
| 3/4 | 20 | 26, 8 | 2.5 | 1.50 | 2.8 | 1.66 | 3.2 | 1.86 |
| 1 | 25 | 33.5 | 2.8 | 2.12 | 3.2 | 2.39 | 4.0 | 2.91 |
| 1+1/4 | 32 | 42.3 | 2.8 | 2.73 | 3.2 | 3.09 | 4.0 | 3.78 |
| 1+1/2 | 40 | 48.0 | 3.0 | 3.33 | 3.5 | 3.84 | 4.0 | 4.34 |
| 2 | 50 | 60.3 | 3.0 | 4.22 | 3.5 | 4.88 | 4.5 | 6.16 |
| 2+1/2 | 70 | 75.5 | 3.2 | 5.71 | 4.0 | 7.05 | 4.5 | 7.83 |
| 3 | 80 | 80 | 3.5 | 7.34 | 4.0 | 8.34 | 4.5 | 9.32 |
| 3+1/2 | 90 | 101.3 | 3.5 | 8.44 | 4.0 | 9.60 | 4.5 | 10.74 |
| 4 | 100 | 114.0 | 4.0 | 10.85 | 4.5 | 12.15 | 5.0 | 13.44 |
| 5 | 125 | 140.0 | 4.0 | 13.42 | 4.5 | 15.04 | 5.5 | 18.24 |
| 6 | 150 | 165.0 | 4.0 | 15.88 | 4.5 | 17.81 | 5.5 | 21.63 |
Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab ke hauv cov tsev yog qhov qis hauv kab - hauv 0.05 kgf / cm2yog li nws tuaj yeem sib sau ua ke los ntawm cov phab ntsa nyias nyias. Raws li GOST, txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov kav hlau rau kev ua kom lub tsev lossis chav nyob yuav tsum ua tau raws li cov hauv qab no: rau txuas hauv tsev - tsawg kawg 25 hli; rau kev muab roj rau hauv tsev - yam tsawg 50 mm. Thaum tso lub hauv paus loj hauv av, qhov tuab ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum yog yam tsawg 3 hli, sab saud - yam tsawg 2 hli.
Cov kav hlau hnyav ua kom yooj yim teeb tsa kab hauv lub tsev. Lawv yooj yim khoov mus rau cov ces kaum me me yam tsis siv lub raj yeeb nkab. Cov txheej txheem zoo li no muaj qhov ua kom muaj cua sov siab, uas ua rau muaj hws thiab zoo li xeb. Qhov teeb meem tuaj yeem zam tau los ntawm kev pleev xim cov khoom hauv ntau txheej tom qab kev teeb tsa ntawm cov qauv. Cov khoom ua haujlwm tau txuas nrog los ntawm vuam lossis xov txuas.
Cov kav dej hlau thiab cov nkev sib txawv hauv cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb hauv qab no:
- Los ntawm qhov muaj txheej txheej - cov nplaim galvanized lossis tsis muaj nws;
- Los ntawm txoj kev tsim khoom thiab xov - sab nraud lossis sab hauv, dov lossis txiav, nrog lossis tsis muaj xov cylindrical;
- Lengthwise - ntsuas lossis tsis ntsuas;
- Los ntawm phab ntsa tuab - lub teeb, tus qauv thiab txhawb ntxiv;
- Hais txog kev tsim khoom raug - ib txwm thiab raug siab. Thawj qhov kev xaiv yog siv rau kev tsim cov raj xa dej, qhov thib ob - rau kev tsim cov khoom sib txuas;
Cov duab ntawm cov kav hlau
Hauv cov txheej txheem hauv tsev, cov kav hlau txuas rau cov pa roj feem ntau tau teeb tsa uas tuaj yeem tiv taus kev nyuaj siab txog li 15 bar. Lawv yog cov neeg nyiam heev vim lawv cov thev naus laus zis teeb tsa yooj yim uas tsis xav tau cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb. Cov khoom corrugated tsis xa hluav taws xob tam sim no, tsis ntshai kev nyuab siab ntawm cov neeg kho tshuab, thiab ua haujlwm yam tsis muaj pob qij txha nthuav dav. Qhov khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khuav Lawv yog ua los ntawm cov hlau tsis huv.
Cov hlau txuas nrog peb txoj hauv kev:
- Los ntawm cov ntsia hlau. Rau kev ntsaws, cov xov txuas thiab txuas txuas tau siv. Cov pob qij txha raug sib khi nrog ntau yam ntsaws ruaj ruaj.
- Autogenous vuam. Nws yog siv los txuas cov qauv nrog qhov xaus du.
- Flanged kev twb kev txuas. Ua li no, cov khoom ua haujlwm nrog flanges tau txuas nrog.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov raj tooj liab
Hauv cov tshuab siv roj, tsuas yog cov kav dej ua los ntawm tooj liab ntshiab ntawm M2p, M2 lossis Ml hom tau siv, uas cov ntsiab lus carbon tsawg. Kev xav tau rau kev sib xyaw tooj liab rau cov kav dej tau muab hauv GOST 617-90. Cov qauv coj los yuav tsum tau sau npe CU-DHP.
Nco tseg! Nws raug txwv tsis pub teeb tsa tus qauv tooj liab.
Cov txheej txheem oxide tshwj xeeb tau siv rau sab hauv sab hauv ntawm cov kav dej, uas tsis hnov mob rau oxygen, sulfates, alkalis thiab lwm yam. Tib yam yuav tsum tau ua rau cov kab tooj liab xws li ntawm cov kab hlau - lawv yuav tsum ua raws li GOST R 50838-95.
Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov yeeb nkab tooj liab rau cov raj xa roj hauv cov coils:
| Kev qhia tshwj xeeb | Lub ntsiab lus | |||||||||
| Sab nraud txoj kab uas hla, hli | 6, 35 | 6, 35 | 9, 52 | 9, 52 | 12, 7 | 12, 7 | 15, 88 | 15, 88 | 19, 05 | 19, 05 |
| Phab ntsa tuab, hli | 0, 65 | 0, 76 | 0, 76 | 0, 81 | 0, 76 | 0, 81 | 0, 81 | 0, 89 | 0, 81 | 0, 89 |
| Qhov hnyav ntawm 1 rm, kg | 0, 104 | 0, 119 | 0, 186 | 0, 198 | 0, 254 | 0, 270 | 0, 341 | 0, 372 | 0, 413 | 0, 594 |
| Tso cai siab, atm | 104 | 123 | 79 | 84 | 58 | 62 | 49 | 54 | 40 | 44 |
Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov kav tooj liab rau cov raj xa dej hauv ntu ntawm 3-5 m:
| Kev qhia tshwj xeeb | Lub ntsiab lus | |||||||||
| Sab nraud txoj kab uas hla, hli | 9, 52 | 12, 7 | 15, 88 | 19, 05 | 22, 23 | 22, 23 | 25, 4 | 25, 4 | 28, 57 | 28, 57 |
| Phab ntsa tuab, hli | 0, 76 | 0, 76 | 0, 81 | 0, 81 | 0, 9 | 1, 14 | 1, 0 | 1, 14 | 1, 0 | 1, 27 |
| Qhov hnyav ntawm 1 rm, kg | 0, 186 | 0, 254 | 0, 341 | 0, 411 | 0, 536 | 0, 672 | 0, 682 | 0, 771 | 0, 773 | 0, 969 |
| Tso cai siab, atm | 124 | 97 | 77 | 64 | 60 | 77 | 59 | 67 | 52 | 67 |
Nco tseg! Feem ntau, cov kav dej hauv tsev siv cov kav dej nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 10-28 hli thiab 35-54 hli, nrog phab ntsa tuab 1.0-1.5 hli.
Thaum xaiv cov kav tooj liab rau roj, xav txog cov hauv qab no:
- Cov khoom ua los ntawm peb hom: siab, tawv thiab muag muag. Rau cov raj xa dej, tsuas yog siv piv txwv ntawm thawj thiab hom ob. Qhov uas ua los ntawm tooj liab mos mos tsuas yog siv txuas rau cov khoom siv hauv tsev mus rau lub hauv paus. Cov phab ntsa tuab yuav tsum tsis pub tsawg tshaj 1 hli.
- Cov khoom ua los ntawm cov tawv tawv tawv tawv tawv tawv heev thiab ruaj khov, uas ua rau lawv nyuaj rau txheej txheem. Txhawm rau txo qhov nruj, cov kav dej tau sov thiab ua kom txias txias, vim qhov uas ua rau cov khoom ua zas.
- Cov khoom ua haujlwm nyuaj raug muag hauv 5 m qhov ntev, cov khoom muag muag hauv 50 thiab 25 m bays.
- Cov ntawv tooj liab pauv qee yam khoom thaum lub sijhawm khaws cia ntev, piv txwv li, lawv tau txais qhov nyuaj dua. Yog li ntawd, nws tsis pom zoo kom yuav cov kav hlau rau siv yav tom ntej hauv qhov ntau hauv qhov xwm txheej kho. Txhawm rau xa rov qab cov kev txiav mus rau lawv qhov qub, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau lawv txhawm rau txhawm rau ntxiv.
- Cov qauv tooj liab muaj cov kab loj loj elongation, yog li ntawd, cov pob qij txha nthuav dav hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov kab nkhaus yuav tsum tau muab hauv kab.
Daim duab yog cov yeeb nkab tooj liab
Thaum txhim kho cov kav tooj liab rau roj, cov cai hauv qab no yuav tsum tau ua raws:
- Cov khoom lag luam tau txuas nrog los ntawm kev siv tooj dag thiab nias. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov xav tau rau kev teeb tsa lub raj xa dej ua los ntawm cov khoom siv no txawv ntawm lwm cov kav dej. Cov haujlwm zoo li no yog tso siab rau cov neeg ua haujlwm txawj ntse uas tau dhau los kawm tshwj xeeb. Rau brazing, tsuas yog siv cov khoom siv nrog lub siab yaj (PMFS6-0D5 lossis PMFOTsrb-4-0.03) siv, uas tsis xav tau dej ntws. Cov raj loj loj, uas tau teeb tsa ntawm qhov nkag mus rau lub tsev, txuas nrog roj lossis argon vuam.
- Cov ua haujlwm tseem tuaj yeem txuas nrog cov tooj liab tshwj xeeb, uas tau sib sau ua ke los ntawm nias. Yog tsis muaj qhov haum, nws raug tso cai ua kom nrawm nrog txoj kab uas hla mus txog 54 hli.
- Yog tias lub kaw lus muaj cov khoom ua los ntawm cov khoom sib txawv, lawv txwv tsis pub sib cuag, vim tias qhov no yuav ua rau corrosion. Yog li ntawd, roj hmab gaskets tau nruab nruab nrab ntawm lawv.
Nqe ntawm cov kav hlau hlau rau roj
Cov kav hlau tau tsim los ua ntau yam khoom loj niaj hnub no. Lawv txawv tsis tsuas yog hauv tus yam ntxwv thiab thaj tsam, tab sis kuj yog tus nqi. Cov xwm txheej uas cuam tshuam rau tus nqi ntawm cov yeeb nkab hlau rau roj suav nrog hauv qab no:
- Tsis siv neeg tsim tshuab … Nws tuaj yeem ua tau zoo lossis txuas nrog hluav taws xob. Qhov kev xaiv thib ob muaj kev ntseeg siab dua vim yog siv thev naus laus zis yooj yim.
- Khoom siv khoom … Cov kav tooj liab tau suav tias yog kim tshaj plaws, cov kav hlau carbon yog qhov pheej yig tshaj. Qhov ntau impurities nyob rau hauv cov hlau, ntau dua tus nqi ntawm lub workpiece.
- Geometric tsis … Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom nyob ntawm lawv - nws yog ib txwm coj los qhia tus nqi ntawm cov yeeb nkab hlau ib 'meter' hauv tus nqi ntawm cov tuam txhab tsim khoom. Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom yog txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm cov khoom hauv ib chav ntsuas. Cov hlau ntau dua yog siv los ua 1 m ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm, nws kim dua.
- Nrug deb ntawm qhov chaw tsim cov yeeb nkab mus rau qhov chaw muag khoom … Cov nqi thauj mus los yuav suav nrog tus nqi. cov workpieces hnyav thiab loj.
- Khoom zoo … Ntawm kev muag khoom koj tuaj yeem pom cov khoom siv. Nws tus nqi qis dua li cov qauv tshiab. Ib qho ntxiv, tus nqi tuaj yeem txo qis yog tias cov yeeb nkab tsis ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm GOST.
- Txheej txheem txheej txheem … Tus nqi ntawm qhov chaw nce yog tias cov kav dej tau ua tiav cov txheej txheem ntxiv ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom - galvanizing, sib tsoo, polishing.
Nqe ntawm cov kav hlau rau roj hauv Ukraine:
| Txoj hauj lwm | Kev xaiv | Qhov hnyav ntawm 1 rm, kg | Nqe, UAH / m |
| Yeeb Nkab VGP DN 15x2, 5 50x3, 5 GOST-3262 | 6.9m ua | 1, 23-4, 96 | 28, 84-115, 32 |
| Fais-welded yeeb nkab f = 57x3 325, 7 GOST-10704 | 6,9,12m ib | 4, 15-55, 15 | 96, 48-1307, 055 |
| Cov phab ntsa nyias nyias DN 20x1, 2 50x1, 5 | 6 m ygo | 0, 67-1, 99 | 14, 74-43, 78 |
| Cov yeeb nkab tooj liab f = 10x1 28, 1x1 | Bay, txiav | - | 120, 73-338, 84 |
Nqe ntawm cov kav hlau hlau rau roj hauv Russia:
| Txoj hauj lwm | Kev xaiv | Qhov hnyav ntawm 1 rm, kg | Nqe, rub / m |
| Yeeb Nkab VGP DN 15x2, 5 50x3, 5 GOST-3262 | 6.9m ua | 1, 23-4, 96 | 40, 24-215, 42 |
| Fais-welded yeeb nkab f = 57x3 325, 7 GOST-10704 | 6,9,12m ib | 4, 15-55, 15 | 196, 45-2909, 15 |
| Cov phab ntsa nyias nyias DN 20x1, 2 50x1, 5 | 6 m ygo | 0, 67-1, 99 | 25, 94-98, 76 |
| Cov yeeb nkab tooj liab f = 10x1 28, 1x1 | Bay, txiav | - | 259, 79-720, 94 |
Saib cov vis dis aus hais txog cov kav hlau rau roj:
Cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov kav hlau rau cov kav xa dej tau txiav txim siab los ntawm GOSTs cuam tshuam. Cov khoom ua haujlwm raug xaiv raws li pawg tsim, txheej txheem txheej txheem thiab ntau lwm yam kev ntsuas. Yog tias tau ua tiav txhua qhov kev xav tau, lub tshuab xa roj yuav ua haujlwm tsis muaj teeb meem ntev - yam tsawg 50 xyoo.
