Dab tsi yog iav ntaub plaub, nws tau tsim tawm li cas, hom khoom tseem ceeb, cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev rwb thaiv tsev, qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo, cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev xaiv thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov tuam txhab tsim khoom, cov cai rau kev teeb tsa cov cua sov. Nyob ntawm qib ntawm qhov muag, iav iav tuaj yeem ua kom nruj thiab ib nrab nruj, nrog rau ywj. Cov khoom siv nrog qhov ntom ntom me me yog yoog raws. Cov fibers ntev yog lub luag haujlwm rau lub suab rwb thaiv tsev zoo ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev, thiab cov cua sov feem ntau muab cov cua sov khaws cia kom sov zoo dua li lwm qhov.
Ib qho ntxiv, muaj ntau yam xws li ntawv ci iav, uas muab tsis yog tsuas yog cov cua sov zoo, tab sis kuj ua pa thaiv.
Cov iav tshwj xeeb
Cov khoom ntawm iav ntaub plaub tuaj yeem sib txawv nyob ntawm seb hom khoom siv twg, nws qhov ntom ntom ntom, qhov ntev ntawm fiber, thiab lwm yam. Feem ntau, rwb thaiv tsev muaj cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no:
- Thermal conductivity ntawm iav ntaub plaub … Cov kab hluav taws xob ntev ntawm cov cua sov ua kom sov zoo li cov cocoon thiab tuav cov huab cua sab hauv. Cov qauv no muab cov rwb thaiv tsev zoo. Qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas cua sov yog nyob ntawm thaj tsam 0, 039-0, 047 W (m * K).
- Soundproofing … Qhov nruab nrab, lub suab nqus ntawm iav ntaub plaub yog txawv ntawm 35 txog 40 dB. Fibers tau muab faib sib npaug thoob plaws cov khoom siv kom nqus tau kev co thiab suab nrov.
- Vapor permeability … Qhov ntsuas no yog 0.6 mg / mh * Pa. Qhov no yuav luag ob zaug ntau dua li ntawm cov ntaub plaub basalt, uas yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm iav iav.
- Hluav taws kub tsis kam … Kev khi cov yas muaj nyob hauv cov rwb thaiv tsev no, tab sis nws tsis yog rau pawg ntawm cov khoom siv tuaj yeem sib txuas tau. Cov iav iav tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kub txog 250 degrees Celsius yam tsis muaj kev hloov pauv. Thiab thaum qhov hluav taws kub, nws tso pa tawm yam tsawg kawg nkaus. Pawg iav iav raws li qhov kev lees paub feem ntau yog los ntawm NG rau G1.
- Hws noo kuj … Qhov sib piv rau qhov ntsuas no rau iav ntaub plaub yog 15% nrog kev tso dej ib nrab. Kev nqus dej noo thaum nruab hnub yog 1,7%.
- Tsis kam mus rau cov neeg kho tshuab kev nyuaj siab … Cov piv txwv tshiab tshaj plaws ntawm iav ntaub plaub yog tus yam ntxwv zoo thiab muaj zog, hauv kev sib piv rau cov piv txwv thaum ntxov ntawm rwb thaiv tsev. Cov khoom siv niaj hnub zoo tuaj yeem tso rau hauv qhov chaw uas muaj cov khoom siv loj loj - ru tsev, qab nthab.
- Kev tiv thaiv lom … Cov iav iav rwb thaiv tsev tsis nyiam cov nas, tsis yog ib puag ncig zoo rau kev luam tawm thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov fungi thiab pwm.
- Kuj ua rau deformation … Cov iav iav tuaj yeem nrawm txog li 6 zaug yam tsis poob qhov zoo. Cov yam ntxwv no ua rau cov khoom thauj tau yooj yim. Qhov tshwj xeeb elasticity ntawm cov fibers ua kom ntseeg tau tias tom qab ncaj cov iav ntaub plaub yuav rov qab los rau nws qhov qub. Nrog kev siv mus sij hawm ntev, cov khoom siv zoo yuav tsis thim (tshwj tsis yog muaj cov ntub dej ntau lossis siv cov rwb thaiv tsev tsis zoo).
- Ceev ntawm iav ntaub plaub … Qhov ntsuas no yuav txawv nyob ntawm tus tsim cov rwb thaiv tsev thiab hom. Qhov nruab nrab, nws yog 11-25 kg ib cubic meter.
Qhov zoo ntawm iav ntaub plaub
Qhov rwb thaiv tsev no tau siv dav hauv peb lub tebchaws thaum xyoo Soviet. Niaj hnub no iav iav yog ntau dua thiab muaj qhov zoo hauv qab no:
- Cov khoom cua sov zoo … Ib txheej ntawm cov khoom siv no 50 hli tuaj yeem sib npaug nrog cov cua sov ua haujlwm ntawm cov cib 100 cm tuab.
- Hws noo kuj … Cov iav iav siv tsis nqus dej noo.
- Yooj yim rau kev thauj … Cov khoom siv yog lub teeb yuag thiab ntsws zoo. Yog li ntawd, tsis muaj kev thauj tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau xa cov iav iav mus rau qhov chaw ua haujlwm.
- Tsis muaj tshuaj lom … Hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev no, tsuas yog siv cov ntaub ntawv ntshiab, ntxiv rau kev tsim cov iav zoo tib yam. Lub tshuab cua sov tsis tso cov tshuaj lom thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm thiab txawm tias muaj hluav taws.
- Kev nyab xeeb hluav taws … Cov iav iav xyaum tsis hlawv.
- Tiv thaiv kab mob … Cov khoom yuav tsis raug npog nrog pwm, thiab kab lossis nas yuav tsis pib hauv nws.
- Tus nqi qis ntawm iav ntaub plaub … Rwb thaiv tsev yog qhov kev txiav txim ntawm qhov loj dua pheej yig dua li ntau cov khoom siv ntxhia fiber ntau.
Qhov tsis zoo ntawm iav ntaub plaub
Zoo li lwm yam kev rwb thaiv tsev, rwb thaiv tsev fiberglass muaj qhov tsis zoo, uas feem ntau txiav txim siab thaum xaiv cov khoom sib txawv. Xav txog qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov iav iav:
- Ua kom muaj zog ntau dua qub … Ua haujlwm nrog iav iav xav tau kev tiv thaiv zoo thiab saib xyuas zoo. Txawm tias qhov me me tsoo ntawm cov hmoov av iav ntawm daim tawv nqaij lossis cov hnoos qeev yuav ua rau khaus hnyav thiab ua xua. Nyias thiab ntse me me ntawm cov fibers kuj yooj yim nkag mus rau hauv lub ntsws thiab nyob ntawd tau ntev, ua rau khaus thiab txawm tias o.
- Qhov xav tau rau kev txhim kho rwb thaiv tsev ntawm iav ntaub plaub … Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum insulating phab ntsa sab hauv. Qhov tsis zoo no muaj feem cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau qhov ua rau nyias thiab tawg ntawm cov fibers, cov khoom uas tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv chav.
- Kev tsis ruaj khov nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm cov duab tshav ntawm lub hnub … Cov iav iav tsis nyiam nyob hauv tshav ntuj ncaj qha rau lub sijhawm ntev. Lawv muaj kev puas tsuaj rau nws. Yog li, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los tiv thaiv txheej rwb thaiv tsev los ntawm kev cuam tshuam sab nraud.
- Qhov kev pab cuam lub neej luv … Cov iav iav khaws nws cov thermal rwb thaiv tsev zoo tshaj li 10 xyoo.
Cov iav xaiv cov txheej txheem
Thaum npaj yuav cov rwb thaiv tsev no, nco ntsoov qee qhov nuances kom cov iav iav yog qhov zoo thiab kav ntev li ntev tau:
- Ua ntej tshaj plaws, xyuam xim rau lub ntim uas khaws cov cua sov. Nws yuav tsum tau khov thiab tag nrho. Nws tsis pom zoo tias cov khoom raug rau huab cua noo lossis tshav ntuj thaum khaws cia.
- Cov khoom zoo muaj lub teeb daj daj thiab cov qauv zoo ib yam.
- Xav txog qhov ntom ntom thiab tuab ntawm iav iav. Qhov ceev tshaj plaws yog 11 kg ib cubic meter. Qhov rwb thaiv tsev no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tiv thaiv kab rov tav uas tsis thauj khoom: hauv pem teb nrog cav, qab nthab, ru tsev.
- Rau cov cua sov rwb thaiv tsev ntawm lub ru tsev, cov khoom faib thiab phab ntsa sab hauv, cov khoom siv nrog qhov ntom ntom ntawm 15 kg / m yog npaj3 thiab ntau ntxiv.
- Yog hais tias txheej masonry xav tau, tom qab ntawd nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los siv rwb thaiv tsev nrog qhov ntom ntom ntawm 20 kg ib cubic meter.
- Rau cov cua sov rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cov phab ntsa sab nraud, cov iav fiber ntau nrog qhov ntom ntom ntawm 30 kilograms ib cubic meter yog qhov tsim nyog.
- Nws kuj tau pom zoo tias cov iav iav yuav raug kaw nrog iav lev. Qhov tom kawg yuav tiv thaiv cov fibers los ntawm tshuab thiab muab cov khoom siv dag zog ntxiv.
Tus nqi iav iav thiab cov tuam ntxhab
Yuav luag txhua lub tuam txhab tsim hluav taws xob raws cov rwb thaiv tsev muaj iav ntaub plaub hauv lawv cov kab khoom. Cov npe nrov tshaj plaws yog:
- Isover … Nws yog lub ntiaj teb ua cov chaw tsim khoom hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev. Lub tuam txhab muaj chaw sawv cev thiab chaw ua haujlwm nyob hauv Russia. Ua cov iav iav ntawm ntau yam kev hloov kho - rau sab nrauv kho kom zoo nkauj, vov tsev thiab ua haujlwm sab hauv. Tus nqi nruab nrab rau iav ntaub plaub hauv cov pob zeb thiab yob yog 700-1800 rubles.
- URSA … Ib lub chaw tsim khoom los ntawm Spain, uas tseem muaj tsob ntoo hauv tebchaws Russia rau kev tsim cov cua sov rwb thaiv tsev. Tshaj tawm cov khoom lag luam rau txhua txoj haujlwm ntawm kev rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cov tsev nyob thiab tsis nyob hauv tsev. Tus nqi nruab nrab rau iav ntaub plaub yog los ntawm 800 txog 2600 rubles.
- Knauf … German loj hom. Lub tuam txhab muab iav iav hauv tus nqi kim tshaj plaws. Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom lag luam muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, thiab muaj ntau yam khoom siv rau txhua hom kev ua haujlwm rwb thaiv tsev cua sov. Tus nqi nruab nrab ntawm cov khoom yog 1100-2100 rubles.
Cov lus qhia luv luv rau kev teeb tsa iav iav
Txhim kho iav ntaub plaub yog yooj yim txaus txawm nyob ib leeg. Qhov no tsis xav tau cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb. Tib qho uas yuav tsum tau ua yog kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kab mob ua pa, qhov muag thiab tawv nqaij.
Peb nruab iav iav raws li cov lus qhia hauv qab no:
- Peb txhim kho ntoo thav duab rau ntawm qhov chaw. Ib qho bar nrog ntu ntu ntawm 3x5 centimeters yog qhov tsim nyog.
- Tom qab lub lathing tau teeb tsa, peb txiav cov iav iav siv rab riam tsim kho.
- Muab cov khoom tso, peb muab tso rau hauv tus ncej. Nws tsis tas yuav siv cov txuas ntxiv, vim tias cov rwb thaiv tsev yuav ncaj nws tus kheej thiab sau qhov chaw yog tias kev teeb tsa ua tiav raug.
- Peb nplaum cov pob qij txha nrog kab xev lossis sau nrog polyurethane ua npuas ncauj.
- Peb npog lub iav ntaub plaub nrog zaj duab xis ua pa.
- Qhov cuab lub zog thiab ua kom zoo tuaj yeem ua tiav rau saum txheej txheej cua sov.
Saib cov vis dis aus tshuaj xyuas iav iav:
Cov iav iav yog cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev uas ntseeg tau tshaj plaws uas tau siv thaum lub sijhawm Soviet. Niaj hnub no, kev nyiam ntawm cov khoom siv tau poob qis me ntsis, tab sis nws tseem nquag siv vim nws cov cua sov zoo heev. Cov iav ntawm cov iav yog ib puag ncig zoo thiab tsis ua mob rau koj yog tias koj siv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tus kheej thaum ua haujlwm nrog nws.
