Cov pab pawg ntawm dicarboxylic amino acid sib txuas yog loj. Feem ntau ob yam tshuaj yog aspartic thiab glutamic. Nrhiav seb yuav siv thiab npaum li cas. Cov tshuaj loj nyob hauv pab pawg ntawm dicarboxylic amino acid sib txuas, tab sis cov neeg ncaws pob nquag siv tsuas yog ob ntawm lawv - aspartic thiab glutamic acids. Cov metabolites ntawm cov tshuaj no tseem raug hu ua amino acids - asparagine thiab glutamine, feem.
Nrog txhua hnub dhau los, kev nyiam ntawm cov kua qaub no tau nce zuj zus thiab ntau thiab ntau cov tshuaj ntxiv uas muaj lawv tshwm sim hauv khw. Muaj tseeb koj paub tias cov amino acid sib txuas feem ntau muab faib ua qhov tsis tseem ceeb thiab hloov tsis tau. Thawj pab pawg suav nrog cov tshuaj uas, yog tias tsim nyog, tuaj yeem hloov pauv los ntawm lub cev mus rau lwm tus. Cov amino acids tseem ceeb tsis muaj lub peev xwm no.
Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm aspartic thiab glutamic acids. Hauv kev hloov pauv, txhua qhov tsis tseem ceeb amino acid sib txuas ua ntej hloov mus rau ib qho ntawm cov tshuaj no. Qhov no muab qhov laj thawj los tham txog lawv lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv nitrogen tshuav nyiaj li cas. Tab sis tus nqi ntawm aspartic thiab glutamic acids tau siv tas li tsis yog los ntawm lub sijhawm kom tau txais cov amino acids tsis txaus ntawm qee kis hauv lub sijhawm. Yog tias tsim nyog, lub cev tuaj yeem faib cov nitrogen.
Yooj yim muab, yog tias muaj qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov protein sib txuas hauv ib lub cev, lawv yuav raug tshem tawm ntawm lwm qhov kom tshem tawm qhov tsis sib xws. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, hauv kev rov faib cov nitrogen, cov protein sib xyaw ntawm cov ntshav tau siv, thiab tom qab ntawd ntawm lwm cov kabmob sab hauv. Cia peb pom dab tsi ntxiv dicarboxylic amino acids uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev tsim lub cev.
Glutamic acid
Nws tsis yog lub caij nyoog uas peb pib peb tshuaj xyuas nrog cov khoom no. Kwv yees li ib feem plaub ntawm tag nrho cov amino acid sib txuas ua ntej hloov mus rau glutamic acid. Cov khoom no yog cov pab pawg ntawm cov amines tsis tseem ceeb, tab sis kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no qhia tias nws tseem tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv nrog lwm cov qauv amino acid. Lub cev muaj qee qhov glutamine, uas tau noj thaum xav tau.
Tsis tas li, qhov kev tshawb fawb zaum kawg tau qhia tias glutamic acid muaj peev xwm hloov pauv mus rau qee cov amino acids tseem ceeb, xws li arginine thiab histidine. Cov tshuaj no, nyeg, ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev loj hlob ntawm cov leeg nqaij. Peb kuj tseem ceeb txog qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuaj hauv lub siab, kev ua haujlwm ntawm txoj hnyuv thiab lub plab.
Rau kev hloov pauv mus rau glutamine, ammonia ntxiv rau glutamic acid molecule. Cov tshuaj no yog tshuaj lom heev thiab yog cov khoom siv ntawm cov metabolism hauv nitrogen hauv 85 feem pua ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Tom qab ntxiv ammonia rau glutamic acid, tau txais glutamine, tsis muaj tshuaj lom nyob hauv lub cev. Ntxiv mus, cov khoom no yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev ua tiav cov metabolism hauv nitrogen hauv lub cev.
Glutamic acid tuaj yeem tsim tawm los ntawm cov piam thaj thiab qhov no yog cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb heev uas lub hlwb tau txais kev noj haus. Txij li cov piam thaj tsuas yog lub zog ntawm lub hlwb, kev siv cov glutamic acid tuaj yeem tshem tawm kev qaug zog sai. Ib qho cuab yeej tseem ceeb ib yam ntawm cov khoom rau cov kis las yog nws koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov nucleotides uas ua rau RNA thiab DNA. Qhov no tso cai rau cov ntshav tsim sai dua. Txhawm rau kom tau txais qhov txiaj ntsig siab tshaj plaws los ntawm kev siv cov glutamic acid, nws yuav tsum siv txhua hnub hauv qhov nyiaj ntawm 30 grams lossis ntau dua.
Aspartic acid
Aspartic acid, hauv kev sib piv nrog glutamic acid, muaj qhov qis qis tshwj xeeb hauv lub cev. Txawm li cas los xij, tib yam tuaj yeem hais txog lwm cov amino acid sib txuas. Aspartic acid kuj muaj peev xwm tshem tawm cov tshuaj ammonia. Cov txheej txheem ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no zoo ib yam thiab vim li ntawd, tom qab ntxiv cov ammonia molecule, asparagine thiab urea tau tsim. Cov tshuaj tom kawg tsis yog tshuaj lom thiab tuaj yeem tso tawm dawb los ntawm lub cev.
Muaj peev xwm siv aspartic acid rau lub hlwb kev noj haus yuav tsum tau sau tseg. Cov tshuaj yog oxidized hauv mitochondria ntawm lub cev no thiab vim yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, ATP cov molecules tau tsim. Tau kawg, yuav luag txhua cov amino acids tuaj yeem siv rau qhov no, tab sis qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws yog glutamic thiab aspartic acids.
Lub peev xwm tseem ceeb heev ntawm aspartic acid yog lub peev xwm los ua kom cov permeability ntawm cov cell ua rau magnesium thiab potassium. Qhov no yog lub peev xwm tshwj xeeb uas tsuas yog aspartic acid muaj. Ib qho ntxiv, nws tsis yog tsuas yog thauj cov poov tshuaj thiab magnesium mus rau cov ntaub so ntswg, tab sis nws tus kheej yog ib feem ntawm cov kab mob hauv lub cev.
Lub peev xwm ntawm daim nyias nyias yog qhov ntsuas tseem ceeb heev rau cov cell ntawm txhua cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub cev. Lub tswv yim no yuav tsum nkag siab raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm cov xov tooj cua sab hauv thiab sab nraud. Lub xov tooj muaj cov lej loj ntawm cov poov tshuaj ions, thiab sab nraud ntawm lawv - sodium ions. Thaum lub sijhawm ua kom muaj zog ntawm cov hlab ntsha hlwb, cov ions no tau pauv pauv, uas ua rau kev xa xov tooj ntawm tes. Hauv txoj kev no, cov cim qhia txog kab mob sib kis.
Yuav kom rov qab mus rau lub xeev tsis nyob, lub xovtooj ntawm tes yuav tsum tau txais cov poov tshuaj thiab sodium ntau ntxiv los ntawm ib puag ncig ib leeg. Lub tshuab no tau raug hu ua sodium-potassium pump. Tom qab rov kho lub xeev ruaj khov, cov cell tuaj yeem ua rau tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam sab nraud.
Cov qauv ntawm tes ntawm lub plawv yog qhov nkag siab zoo rau sab nraud. Nrog lub hnub nyoog, qhov ntsuas no tsuas yog nce ntxiv, uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub plawv. Qhov no tuaj yeem zam tau vim yog siv aspartic acid, uas muab cov tshuaj potassium ions rau ntawm tes. Yog li, rov qab nws mus rau lub xeev ruaj khov.
Ntau tus neeg ncaws pob niaj hnub no siv aspartic acid. Kev lag luam kws tshuaj hauv tsev tsim cov tshuaj hu ua Asparkam. Nws cov tshuaj yog siab heev - nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau noj 18-30 grams ntawm cov tshuaj thaum nruab hnub. Tab sis txij li lub cev tsis tuaj yeem rog dhau nrog aspartic acid, tsis tuaj yeem tsis muaj tshuaj ntau dhau. Yog tias qib ntawm cov tshuaj muaj siab, tom qab ntawd lub cev hloov pauv qhov ntau dhau mus rau hauv cov piam thaj.
Xav paub ntau ntxiv txog cov amino acids, lawv cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev phom sij hauv daim vis dis aus no:
