Qhov sib txawv ntawm kumis thiab lwm cov dej qab zib fermented, nws npaj li cas? Cov ntsiab lus calorie thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg. Cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig thiab raug mob thaum siv. Zaub mov txawv thiab nthuav cov lus tseeb. Ntawm cov liaj teb me, mare cov mis tau nchuav rau hauv kegs uas zoo li cov thoob rau nplawm butter. Xws li lub ntim nws tus kheej yog lub tog raj kheej ntsaws rau sab saum toj nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 20-40 cm thiab qhov siab li ntawm ib 'meter'. Lub hau kaw nruj, muaj lub qhov nyob hauv nruab nrab, tus nplawm nrog tus ntoo khaub lig lossis lub disc tau tsim rau hauv. Yog tias koj npaj yuav nce cov ntsiab lus rog, ntxiv cov kua nplaum tshiab ua los ntawm nyuj cov mis thaum nplawm. Qee lub sij hawm cov tshuaj nplaum tau hloov pauv nrog qab ntsev nees lard. Hauv qhov no, saj hloov me ntsis - qhov qab zib ploj mus.
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov kab mob sib kis los ntawm kev nkag mus hauv kumis hauv tsev, txhua ob lub lis piam lub keg tau ntxuav kom huv, hlais nrog cov dej npau, greased nrog butter thiab haus luam yeeb dua los ntawm sab hauv. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob ua kom puas, siv meadowsweet ceg lossis tsob ntoo ntoo tshiab.
Yav dhau los, kumis tau sib tov thiab nplawm hauv tawv wineskins - hauv sabai (ntim loj) lossis hauv torsuk (me me). Lub sijhawm ntawd, qhov kawg ntawm cov txheej txheem coj mus ntawm txoj kev mus: hnab tawv tawv tau txuas rau lub eeb, thiab kumis tau maj mam zom. Tau kawg, cov dej haus zoo li no tsis tau txias ua ntej haus.
Muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov ntsiab lus calorie ntawm koumiss
Tus nqi noj haus ntawm cov khoom lag luam uas tsim tawm hauv kev lag luam yog siv tib yam, tsis hais txog cov ntsiab lus cawv ethyl. Cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev phom sij ntawm kumis feem ntau yog nyob ntawm qhov khoom siv no.
Cov dej haus, ua raws li daim ntawv qhia ib txwm muaj, muaj 0, 2-3% lub zog, nyob ntawm qib kev laus. Qhov tsis muaj zog ntau dua li kefir, tab sis me ntsis ua rau tus nplaig, qhov nruab nrab txog li 2% tuaj yeem hu ua "carbonated". Yog tias koj yuam kev co lub raj mis thaum yuav khoom, nws "tawg" zoo li champagne, tsoo lub hau. 3% kumis tsis ua npuas ntxiv lawm, nws qab zib. Thiab hauv Kazakhstan lawv haus 40% lub zog. Nws tsis pom zoo kom siv cov khoom lag luam rau lub hom phiaj txhim kho kev noj qab haus huv lossis poob phaus.
Traditional kumiss muaj cov ntsiab lus calories ntawm 50 kcal rau 100 g, ntawm uas:
- Cov protein - 2.1 g;
- Yog ' - 1,9 g;
- Cov carbohydrates - 5 g;
- Ethyl cawv - 1.9 g;
- Organic acids - 1.4 g;
- Dej - 89.1 g;
- Yog ' - 0,5 g.
Cov vitamins rau 100 g:
- Vitamin A - 32 mcg;
- Retinol - 0.03 mg;
- Beta Carotene - 0.01 mg;
- Vitamin B1, thiamine - 0.02 mg;
- Vitamin B2, riboflavin - 0.04 mg;
- Vitamin B4, choline - 23.5 mg;
- Vitamin B5, pantothenic acid - 0.2 mg;
- Vitamin B6, pyridoxine - 0.03 mg;
- Vitamin B12, cobalamin - 0.22 mcg;
- Vitamin C, ascorbic acid - 9 mg;
- Vitamin E, alpha tocopherol - 0.1 mg;
- Vitamin H, biotin - 1 μg;
- Vitamin PP - 0.6 mg;
- Niacin - 0.1 mg
Macronutrients rau 100 g:
- Potassium, K - 77 mg;
- Calcium, Ca - 94 mg;
- Magnesium, Mg - 25 mg;
- Sodium, Na - 34 mg;
- Sulfur, S - 21 mg;
- Phosphorus, Ph - 60 mg.
Microelements rau 100 g:
- Hlau, Fe - 0.1 mg;
- Cobalt, Co - 1 μg;
- Manganese, Mn - 0.003 mg;
- Tooj liab, Cu - 22 μg;
- Zinc, Zn - 0.21 mg.
Cov carbohydrates zom tau yooj yim rau 100 g: suab thaj - 5 g, lactose - 5 g.
Qhov tseem ceeb Amino Acids - 0.895 g rau 100 g:
- Arginine - 0.135 g;
- Valine - 0.106 g;
- Histidine - 0.052 g;
- Isoleucine - 0.085 g;
- Leucine - 0.173 g;
- Lysine - 0.185 g;
- Methionine - 0.045 g;
- Methionine + Cysteine- 0.09 g;
- Threonine - 0.104 g;
- Tryptophan - 0.032 g;
- Phenylalanine - 0.165 g;
- Phenylalanine + Tyrosine - 0.27 g.
Cov amino acids hloov pauv - 1.213 g rau 100 g:
- Alanine - 0.12 g;
- Aspartic acid - 0.18 g;
- Glycine - 0.046 g;
- Glutamic acid - 0.29 g;
- Proline - 0.127 g;
- Serine - 0.113 g;
- Tyrosine - 0.106 g;
- Cysteine- 0.044 g.
Fatty acids rau 100 g:
- Omega -3 - 0.05 g;
- Omega -6 - 0.06 g;
- Caprylic - 0.01 g;
- Yog ' - 0.04 g;
- Lauric - 0.06 g;
- Myristic - 0.07 g;
- Palmitic - 0.18 g;
- Stearic - 0.01 g;
- Myristoleic - 0.02 g;
- Palmitoleic - 0.13 g;
- Oleic (omega -9) - 0.2 g;
- Linoleic acid - 0.06 g.
- Linolenic - 0.05 g.
Cov roj (cholesterol) - 5 mg rau 100 g
Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm kumis tau kawm kom zoo txij li xyoo pua 5 BC. NS. Nws tau siv los kho kab mob ntsws, suav nrog tuberculosis, pathologies ntawm txoj hnyuv, endocrine, lub paj hlwb thiab cov tshuaj hormones. Cov lus dab neeg tau hais txog cov txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm cov dej haus, nrog nws lawv poob phaus, tau zoo dua, kho daim duab thiab txawm tias pom. Ua ntej pib koj rov qab los, nws raug nquahu kom paub koj tus kheej nrog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kho thiab ua tau contraindications rau siv.
Cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm kumis
Thaum Tsov Rog Zaum Kawg, thaum tsis muaj tshuaj txaus, mob qog noj ntshav thiab mob plab, mob txhab thiab ua rau lub cev raug kho nrog kumis, kov yeej qhov tshwm sim ntawm ntshav tsis txaus, qaug zog thiab rov kho lub xeev dysbiosis.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm koumiss:
- Kumis cawv ntau ntxiv cov kua qaub hauv plab, txhawb kev peristalsis. Kev tshem tawm cov co toxins thiab co toxins los ntawm cov hnyuv tau nrawm dua, cov txiaj ntsig zoo tau tsim los rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov paj ntoo ntawm txoj hnyuv me.
- Normalizes cov txheej txheem metabolic hauv lub cev.
- Ntxiv dag zog rau cov nqaij pob txha, tiv thaiv kev txhim kho ntawm pob txha.
- Txhim kho txoj haujlwm ntawm cov hlab plawv.
- Txhawb kev tsim cov qe ntshav liab, tshem tawm cov ntshav tsis txaus.
- Pab tshem tawm cov roj (cholesterol) phem los ntawm kev ua kom cov hmoov av uas twb tau tsim lawm tso rau ntawm phab ntsa ntawm cov hlab ntshav.
- Tshem tawm cov hlab ntshav txhaws thiab nthuav tawm cov hlab ntsws lumen.
- Nws muaj antimicrobial, tshwj xeeb, cov kab mob tua kab mob, ua kom loog thiab tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam. Nres qhov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob pathogenic.
- Nws muaj cov diuretic me me, choleretic thiab laxative effect.
- Pab tiv nrog hangovers.
- Ceev nrooj tshem tawm kev qaug cawv tom qab kho nrog tshuaj, pab kom rov zoo los ntawm cov kab mob tsis zoo.
- Ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo, muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv antioxidant.
Nyob ntawm kev tsim thev naus laus zis, kev haus dej haus cawv tuaj yeem coj tus neeg mus rau hauv lub xeev ntxhov siab, nce lub suab nrov thiab kev mloog zoo, lossis muaj cov nyhuv sedative thiab pab daws kev ntxhov siab.
Cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kumis kuj tau tshwm sim thaum siv sab nrauv. Hnav khaub ncaws nrog nws ua kom zoo rau qhov kub hnyiab, ua rau lub qhov txhab mob thiab ua kom kub, kho cov kab mob neurodermatitis, eczema thiab txo qhov tshwm sim ntawm psoriasis. Tshuaj pleev ib ce nrog cov khoom no sib ntaus tawm tsam kev hloov pauv hnub nyoog, ua kom tawv nqaij thiab txhim kho cov plaub hau zoo.
Nws yog qhov tsim nyog los nyob sib nrug ntawm qhov poob phaus nrog kumis. Yog tias koj haus ib teev ua ntej noj mov, cov txiaj ntsig yuav zoo ib yam. Kev nqhis dej yuav nce ntxiv, kev tsim cov zom zaub mov zom zaub mov yuav nce ntxiv, thiab cov zaub mov yuav nqus tau yuav luag tag.
Txhawm rau kom poob phaus, haus dej haus cawv (ib nrab khob txhua) tam sim ua ntej noj mov, ua ib qho khoom qab zib. Vim yog cov nkev uas nws muaj, kev xav ua kom lub plab puv, thiab cov zaub mov uas tau npaj yuav noj tau raug txo. Tab sis koj yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account tus neeg rhiab heev. Vim muaj kev tshaib plab ntau dhau, kumiss noj zaub mov tsis haum rau txhua tus.
Contraindications thiab raug mob ntawm kumis
Cov dej haus tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev txhim kho ntawm kev tsis haum tshuaj, yog li ntawd, thaum "paub" nrog saj tshiab, koj yuav tsum txheeb xyuas koj lub xeev.
Kev puas tsuaj ntawm koumiss tuaj yeem ua rau:
- Nrog lactose intolerance - tsis hais hom khoom siv raw li cas.
- Hauv cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 12 xyoos, poj niam cev xeeb tub thiab menyuam mos, kev quav dej caw cawv tuaj yeem tshwm sim vim muaj cawv cawv ethyl. Cov dej tsis muaj zog uas qaug cawv hauv tsev kho mob kumis tuaj yeem hais qhia rau cov neeg mob ntawm pawg no.
- Hauv cov theem mob hnyav ntawm tus kab mob peptic ulcer, gastritis nrog acidity siab, cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm ntawm ob lub raum, daim siab thiab lub zais zis.
Koj yuav tsum sab laj nrog kws kho mob thaum qhia txog kev noj zaub mov ntawm cov neeg mob uas muaj keeb kwm ntawm lub raum lossis lub siab tsis txaus, gout, mob caj dab rheumatoid.
Cov zaub mov txawv rau cov tais diav thiab dej haus los ntawm kumis
Cov dej haus ua kom nqhis dej zoo. Nws tuaj yeem qaug cawv ntawm nws tus kheej thiab ntxiv ua cov khoom xyaw rau ntau yam tais diav.
Daim ntawv qhia rau cov tais diav qab nrog kumis:
- Okroshka … Kumis txias kom tsis txhob ua npuas ncauj. Lub sijhawm no, rhaub qos yaj ywm thiab qe. Sliced qos yaj ywm, qe, radishes, tshiab cucumbers yog sib xyaw. Ntsev, ntxiv zaub ntsuab rau saj - dill, dos, parsley, koj tuaj yeem cilantro. Ncuav rau hauv kumis tshiab. Yog tias koj xav tau rog, koj tuaj yeem ntxiv qaub cream.
- Kebab nrog kumis … Yaj yog txiav mus rau hauv cubes cubes. Cov kua qaub kumis muaj zog sib xyaw nrog cov txuj lom kom saj thiab ntsev, kua ntses ntxiv thiab cov nqaij yog marinated rau 3 teev. Lawv hlua nws ntawm ib lub lauj kaub tais diav, hloov pauv nrog cov hauv paus dos thiab txiv lws suav, kis nws ntawm cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub. Coj mus rau kev npaj, tas li tig dhau. Nws raug nquahu kom sau cov kua txiv hauv daim ntawv ci thiab dej tas li ntawm cov nqaij.
- Zaub kua zaub … Kumis yog bred ib nrab nrog dej ntxhia. Txiav cucumbers, dill, parsley, sib tov txhua yam. Walnuts raug ntaus thiab ntxiv rau hauv phaj. Ncuav nyob rau hauv diluted kumis thiab ntxiv ib co ntsev.
- Zaub kua zaub … Boil cabbage hauv me ntsis dej, ntxiv cov noob caraway thiab ntsev. Ntxiv qaub kumis, cia nws rhaub thiab tua tam sim ntawd. Cia nws brew yam tsawg 2 teev. Txias, txiav cov qos yaj ywm, ntxiv ua ntej ua haujlwm.
- Kumis nrog quince … Quince yog txiav rau hauv 2-3 halves, nchuav nrog dej npau, hais kom. Tom qab ntawd cov dej tau ntws tawm (nws tuaj yeem siv tau rau compote), thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo tau nchuav nrog kumis txias.
Ntau yam dej qab zib tau tsim los ntawm fermented mare cov mis:
- Spice tshuaj yej kua zaub … Muaj zog dub tshuaj yej yog brewed nyob rau hauv ib lub cauldron. Dilute ib nrab nrog kumis, rhaub cov tawv ntoo ntawm quince, plum thiab kua ntoo rau ib feeb, txiav rau hauv daim me me thiab tseem hliv rau hauv lub lauj kaub. Boil rau 15 feeb, lim. Ncuav rau hauv khob thiab ncuav kua txob dub thiab qab zib me ntsis rau txhua tus kom saj.
- Nut noob … Yeej cov walnuts uas tau tawg nrog dej kom thiaj li tau txais cov txiv ntoo mis, tom qab ntawd ntxiv kumis thiab ntaus dua. Lim los ntawm cheesecloth. Ntxiv zib ntab ua ntej siv.
- Txiv hmab txiv ntoo vitamin haus … Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qhuav yog crushed thiab hais kom, nchuav kumis, ntawm chav sov hauv qhov chaw tsaus. Qhov feem xav tau yog 1: 4. Tom qab 25 teev, txias, ncuav rau hauv ib feem, ntxiv crushed walnuts.
- Kissel … Nyob rau hauv ib khob ntawm mare txias mis nyuj, dilute ib nrab ib khob ntawm qos starch. 4 khob ntawm kumis tau teeb tsa ua noj. Sai li nws npau npau, ncuav cov hmoov sib tov thiab ua noj rau 4-5 feeb, nplawm tas li. Ntxiv qab zib kom saj. Ua ntej ua haujlwm, kis cov jam rau ntawm qhov txias ntawm jelly.
Kom poob phaus sai, koj tuaj yeem ua cov dej cawv ntsuab los ntawm kumis. Txiav parsley thiab dill, ncuav mare lub mis rau hauv rab, ntxiv cov hlais. Koj yuav tsum haus 1.5 litres ib hnub. Kev noj zaub mov mono tuaj yeem ua raws li tsis pub dhau 2-3 hnub.
Cov lus tseeb nthuav txog koumiss
Thaum lub sijhawm tshawb nrhiav keeb kwm, hauv txheej txheej kwv yees li 5000 xyoo, tawg ntawm tawv tawv tawv nrog cov seem ntawm kumis tau pom. Los ntawm qhov no nws ua raws li cov neeg ncig ncig thaj tsam ntawm Mongolia thiab Asia tau siv cov mis nyuj thiab tau haus cawv los ntawm mis nyuj kom tua lawv txoj kev nqhis dej.
Herodotus, tus kws sau keeb kwm uas nyob rau xyoo 5th BC, hauv nws qhov kev sau ntawv tau hais txog cov khoom lag luam txuj ci tseem ceeb uas "coj rov qab cov tub rog raug mob los ntawm lub ntiaj teb tom ntej." Tab sis tsis muaj dab tsi hais txog yuav npaj nws li cas. Cov Scythians tsis tau qhia rau leej twg paub qhov zais cia ntawm yuav ua li cas kumis, thiab lawv tau hem kom muab lawv lub qhov muag tawm rau qhov nthuav tawm qhov zais lossis zais kev saib xyuas tus txheej txheem. Txiav txim los ntawm qhov tseeb tias cov neeg Europe tau txawj ua khoom tsim los ntawm XIII xyoo pua, tsis muaj kev ntshai dab tsi.
Guillaume de Rubruck, tus tub txib Fab Kis thiab tus hauj sam, yog thawj tus piav txog txheej txheem fermentation ntawm mare cov mis. Nws tau paub txog kev haus cawv, tau taug kev txaus ntshai hla thaj chaw ntawm Eurasia niaj hnub no thiab mus xyuas lub tebchaws, raws li nws tau hu nws, "Tartaria". Xyoo 1253, mus xyuas cov pab pawg neeg nomadic tau ua siab loj. Hauv tebchaws Russia, thawj cov lus hais txog cov khoom muaj nyob hauv keeb kwm ntawm Ipatiev Monastery.
Cov tib neeg uas tau hais txog kev tsim khoom piav qhia cov txiaj ntsig muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm kumis, rov ua dua tshiab, kho thiab ua kom muaj zog. Kazakhs thiab Turkmens txhim kho thev naus laus zis thiab pib siv mis nyuj ntxhuav ua raw khoom, thiab cov neeg Lavxias teb sab - tshis thiab nyuj nyuj.
Cov Kaulees txwv cov neeg Muslim haus cawv, tab sis tsis muaj dab tsi hais txog fermented mare mis. Yog li ntawd, Kyrgyz thiab Turkmens tau kawm coj lub zog ntawm kev haus cawv rau vodka, yog li daws lawv cov teeb meem.
Txij li XIV xyoo pua, kev npaj ntawm kumis tau tso tseg kom tsis pub lwm tus paub, thiab haus dej tau nthuav tawm rau hauv kev noj zaub mov ntawm cov neeg mob ntawm txhua qhov profile. Feem ntau siv los kho tus kab mob ntsws. Hauv USSR, kev kho kumis tau nrov.
Paub tias kumis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo li cas, koj tuaj yeem txhim kho koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv. Tab sis koj yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account ib qho nuance. Cov khoom lag luam hauv khw tsis muaj tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev siv tshuaj. Kumisotherapy yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig tshaj plaws yog tias koj nyob hauv tsev kho mob tshwj xeeb thiab haus cov maum fermented mis tsis muaj cov tshuaj khaws cia thiab saj tsis zoo.
Lub sijhawm kho yog tsawg kawg 2 lub lis piam, cov khoom kho tau zoo los ntawm huab cua huab cua thiab kev siv cov khoom lag luam ntuj. Cov tsev kho mob nyob hauv thaj chaw huv huv ntawm thaj chaw Bashkortostan, Mari El, Altai Territory, Tatarstan, Chelyabinsk, Novosibirsk, Volgograd, Kurgan thiab Ulyanovsk cheeb tsam. Koj ib txwm tuaj yeem yuav daim pib mus rau lub tsev kho mob, so kom txaus thiab txhim kho koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv.
Dab tsi yog koumiss - saib cov vis dis aus:
63% ntawm kev haus nrog cov khoom tshwj xeeb tau tsim hauv Bashkortostan. Nyob ze Ufa, lub peev ntawm Bashkortostan, muaj Dej Dema. Cov neeg nyob hauv cov zos uas nyob ze tus dej no ua lawv tus kheej koumiss. Yog tias lub tsev kho mob tsis tuaj yeem them taus, koj tuaj yeem mus rau 2-3 lub lis piam thiab tsis tsuas yog tau txais kev kho mob, tab sis kuj tau paub txog qhov zoo nkauj, nqus pa kom huv. Qhua yeej txais tos.
