Muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov zaub mov muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm kurunga. Cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig thiab muaj peev xwm siv tau thaum muaj kab mob. Cov zaub mov txawv rau cov tais diav thiab dej qab zib nrog cov khoom qab zib fermented thiab cov lus ntxim nyiam txog nws.
Kurunga yog cov dej haus uas muaj ntxhiab tsw qab, yog lub teb chaws tais ntawm Buryat cov zaub mov. Nws yog tsim los ntawm fermentation los ntawm nyuj cov mis nrog ntxiv ntawm ntau qhov kev tivthaiv pib kab lis kev cai. Tus qauv yog homogeneous, xim yog dawb, qhov sib xws yog kua, qhov saj yog qaub nrog cawv tom qab saj. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb los ntawm lwm cov dej qab zib fermented yog lub neej txee ntev, tsis hais txog kev khaws cia li cas. Cov khoom siv tshuaj ntawm cov khoom tau tshaj tawm tias cov hmoov tau npaj hauv daim ntawv qhuav thiab tam sim no nws tuaj yeem yuav tom khw muag tshuaj thiab ua "sib xyaw" hauv tsev.
Npaj kurunga li cas?
Feem ntau ntawm tag nrho cov dej haus zoo ib yam li kumis, tab sis tsis zoo li nws, nws tsis ua rau qaug cawv, vim nws tau txiav txim siab tsuas yog tom qab ua tiav cov txheej txheem fermentation. Txhawm rau kom tau cov kua nplaum me me ua kua nplaum, siv cov kua qaub qhuav nrog rau qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov kab mob thiab cov poov xab tau siv.
Nws suav nrog:
- Torula cov kua mis, uas ua rau lactose (mis qab zib) thiab koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem fermentation - 11%;
- Cov kab mob Lactic acid - 72% ntawm Bulgarian bacillus (Bact. Bulgaricum thiab case) thiab 7-8% ntawm cov kab mob Bact. Lactis asidi (Zeichmann), lactic acid streptococci thiab bifidobacteria - 10%.
Koj tuaj yeem sim ua noj kurunga zoo li kumis lossis katyk, nchuav cov seem ntawm cov dej qub. Tsev neeg Buryat tau siv txoj hauv kev no, tab sis kuj tau qhuav cov hmoov. Qhov no ua rau cov khoom siv raw yooj yim khaws.
Npaj lub hauv paus rau cov khoom qab zib fermented yog txheej txheem ntev. Tom qab khaws cia ntev, cov dej haus tau tiv thaiv kom txog thaum muab faib rau hauv cov curd curd thiab whey. Cov kua tau ntws tawm, thiab ntu tuab tau muab tso rau hauv qhov yuav luag kaw kom cov kab mob txawv teb chaws tsis nkag mus rau hauv, thiab qhuav.
Lub ntsiab "zais cia" yog kev sib raug zoo ntawm microflora. Cov poov xab tsim hauv cov kua qaub lactic, txhawb nqa cov dej num tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob uas tsim nws. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tsis txwv ib leeg txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb. Kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev coj noj coj ua ntawm acetic acid thiab acidophilus bacilli txhawb kev tsim cov tshuaj tua kab mob ntuj - lacticide thiab acidophilus.
Cov khoom noj Kurunga tau dhau los ntawm Buryats los ntawm ib tiam dhau ib tiam, thiab tag nrho cov seem ntawm cov khoom qab zib tuaj yeem yuav ntawm lub tsev muag tshuaj, qhov twg nws tau muag hauv qab lub npe "EM-Kurunga" hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj lossis hmoov.
Cov txheej txheem npaj haus:
- Ib koob tshuaj pib qhuav (2 g) tau nchuav rau hauv lub khob iav, uas tuaj yeem kaw tau nruj. Tom qab ntawd nws tau nchuav nrog cov mis nyuj pasteurized (thaum ua noj kurunga hauv tsev, mis nyuj tau hau). Kaw nrog lub hau kaw thiab co. Tawm rau ib hnub nyob rau hauv qhov chaw tsaus, co qee zaum. Txog rau kev faib cov kab mob me me, Buryats nqa lub ntim (hnab tawv) nrog lawv txhua lub sijhawm.
- Ncuav cov kua ua kua rau hauv ib lub hwj thiab ntxiv mis. Tom qab stratification rau hauv cov khoom sib xyaw - ntshav qab zib thiab curd - tawm rau lwm hnub.
- Casting kom haus, do thiab tom qab ntawd ntxiv mis nyuj ntau dua 2-4 lub lis piam.
Tom ntej no, lawv pib npaj cov dej haus tshiab. Koj tuaj yeem rov qab siv cov ntsiav tshuaj lossis tso cov kua kom tuab thiab siv nws ua tus pib.
Txhawm rau kom tau txais cov khoom qab zib zoo thiab noj qab haus huv, koj yuav tsum tswj qhov ntsuas kub nyob hauv chav ntawm 19-24 ° C, qhov zoo tshaj plaws-20-22 ° C. Thaum ua kom sov siab tshaj 25 ° C, cov dej haus yuav qaub heev thiab tsis muaj ntxhiab, thiab thaum txias, nws yuav zoo li qaub mash.
Qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm microflora tsis tu ncua, txawm li cas los xij, qhov sib piv ntau npaum li cas thaum fermented hauv tsev nrog cov khoom tsis tau hloov pauv tuaj yeem hloov pauv, uas cuam tshuam rau saj.
Muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov ntsiab lus calorie ntawm kurunga
Cov ntaub ntawv kev noj haus thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg - raws li cov dej haus tshiab. Nrog ntev cia, qhov sib xws hloov pauv, nws dhau los ua tuab thiab khov. Ua tsaug rau cov kab mob acetic acid, cov kua mis ua kom decomposed, tus nqi ntawm cov vitamin B12 nce ntxiv thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob nce ntxiv.
Cov ntsiab lus calories ntawm kurunga yog 60 kcal rau 100 g, ntawm qhov uas:
- Cov protein - 9 g;
- Yog ' - 2 g;
- Cov carbohydrates - 7 g;
- Dej - 88 g.
Cov vitamins rau 100 g:
- Vitamin A - 22 mcg;
- Beta Carotene - 0.01 mg;
- Vitamin B1, thiamine - 0.04 mg;
- Vitamin B2, riboflavin - 0.15 mg;
- Vitamin B4, choline - 23.6 mg;
- Vitamin B5, pantothenic acid - 0.38 mg;
- Vitamin B6, pyridoxine - 0.05 mg;
- Vitamin B9, folate - 5 mcg;
- Vitamin B12, cobalamin - 0.4 μg;
- Vitamin C, ascorbic acid - 1.3 mg;
- Vitamin D, calciferol - 0.05 μg;
- Vitamin H, biotin - 3.2 μg;
- Vitamin PP - 0.8 mg.
Macronutrients rau 100 g:
- Potassium, K - 146 mg;
- Calcium, Ca - 120 mg;
- Magnesium, Mg - 14 mg;
- Sodium, Na - 50 mg;
- Sulfur, S - 29 mg;
- Phosphorus, P - 90 mg;
- Tshuaj, Cl - 110 mg.
Microelements rau 100 g:
- Hlau, Fe - 0.1 mg;
- Iodine, kuv - 9 mcg;
- Cobalt, Co - 0.8 μg;
- Manganese, Mn - 0.006 mg;
- Tooj liab, Cu - 12 μg;
- Molybdenum, Mo - 5 μg;
- Selenium, Se - 2 μg;
- Fluorine, F - 20 μg;
- Chromium, Cr - 2 μg;
- Zinc, Zn - 0.4 mg.
Cov roj (cholesterol) hauv 100 g - 9 mg.
Los ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm hom kev muaj txiaj ntsig microflora hauv kurunga, nws tuaj yeem suav tias yog "tus yeej" ntawm txhua cov dej qab zib fermented:
- Cov kab mob Acetic acid - txo cov acidity ntawm ib puag ncig;
- Acidophilus sticks - txhawb kev tsim cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab acidophilus, uas tua cov tshuaj lom thiab ua kom lub cev tawm ntawm lub cev;
- Lactic acid streptococci thiab staphylococci - tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm ntawm microflora teeb meem;
- Proteolytic enzymes - ua kom nrawm nqus cov protein.
Kev hloov pauv ntawm cov tshuaj kurunga thaum khaws cov dej haus,%:
| Hnub nyoog | Cov protein | Rog | Lactose | Casein | Cawv | Tshauv | Cov vitamin C |
| 1 hnub | - | 3, 8 | 1, 84 | 1, 66 | 0, 93 | 0, 82 | 0, 0019 |
| 2 hnub | 4, 3 | 3, 6 | 0, 96 | 2, 08 | 1, 27 | - | 0, 0022 |
| 3 hnub | 3, 9 | 3, 4 | 0, 25 | 2, 26 | 0, 87 | 0, 85 | 0, 0024 |
| 4 hnub | - | 3, 2 | 0, 15 | 2, 66 | 0, 53 | - | 0, 0017 |
Kev hloov pauv me me hauv kev saj thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg yog vim qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv raw. Buryats siv cov kua mis nyuj hauv tsev, uas tau npaj ua ntej thiab lim, yog li tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom lag luam hauv tsev neeg sib txawv.
Cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm kurunga
Shamans siv cov dej haus los kho ntau yam kab mob.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm Kurunga:
- Nres dysbiosis, tsis tsuas yog tsim cov xwm txheej zoo rau kev txhim kho cov txiaj ntsig bifidobacteria thiab lactobacilli, tab sis kuj tseem ua rau me me, thiab tseem ceeb dua, cov hnyuv loj. Cov kab lis kev cai ntawm cov kab mob me me raug rhuav tshem los ntawm cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsuas yog ib nrab.
- Nws ua kom kho sai sai rau cov kab mob ntawm lub cev ua pa, tshem tawm cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm Koch's bacillus, uas ua rau muaj kab mob txaus ntshai - tuberculosis.
- Nws muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob antioxidant, cais cov dawb radicals ncig hauv cov kua dej hauv lub cev.
- Nws ua kom luv txheej txheem kev rov kho dua tom qab kho mob qog noj ntshav nrog siv xov tooj cua thiab kho hluav taws xob, pab kom rov zoo tom qab siv tshuaj tua kab mob ntev.
- Txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, tiv thaiv kev kis tus kab mob nrog SARS thaum lub caij muaj kev sib kis.
- Ua kom nrov nrov, tshem tawm kev qaug zog ntev, ua kom lub cim xeeb ua haujlwm tau zoo.
- Normalizes cov txheej txheem metabolic ntawm txhua qib.
- Stabilizes tus mob tom qab nkees nkees ntawm lub cev thiab kev xav.
- Tiv thaiv kev mob pob txha thiab osteochondrosis.
- Stimulates qab los noj mov. Ib lim tiam ntawm kev kho mob ntshav tsis txaus thiab dystrophy tshwm sim los ntawm kev noj zaub mov tsis zoo ua kom rov zoo li qub.
Tab sis cov no tsis yog txhua yam khoom muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm kurunga. Nws yog txaus kom haus 1 khob ib hnub kom txo qis kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub plab zom mov, ua kom lub plab zom mov thiab tshem tawm cov txheej txheem putrefactive hauv txoj hnyuv. Kev siv niaj hnub tiv thaiv kev txhim kho ntawm kev mob pancreatitis, kev tso cov calculi hauv lub zais zis thiab ducts, lub raum pob zeb, kev txhim kho gout, mob gastritis ntev thiab mob plab.
Nws raug tso cai haus dej kurunga thiab cov uas raug kev txom nyem los ntawm kev tsis kam ua ib feem rau cov protein ntau. Hauv qhov no, nws txaus los hloov me ntsis cov txheej txheem ua noj: ntxiv dej zib ntab (1 diav rau 120 g) thiab tawm rau 2-3 hnub. Hauv qhov no, lactose thiab casein yuav luag hloov pauv tag nrho, thiab tsis muaj teeb meem zom zaub mov tshwm sim.
Homemade kurunga tuaj yeem nkag rau hauv kev noj zaub mov ntawm poj niam cev xeeb tub thiab menyuam mos txij thaum muaj hnub nyoog 6 hli. Tsis muaj kev txwv rau kev pub niam mis thiab rau cov neeg laus.
Contraindications thiab raug mob ntawm kurunga
Tsis txhob poob siab yog tias cov neeg paub nrog tus saj tshiab xaus nrog raws plab. Qhov no tsis txhais tau tias koj yuav tsum tsis kam haus cov dej qab zib fermented. Yog tias koj qhia txog kev noj zaub mov hauv qhov me me - ua ntej ob peb diav hauv ib hnub, tom qab ntawd peb lub hlis twg ntawm ib khob, thiab tom qab ntawd ib nrab, nce ib feem txhua 3 hnub - kev zom zaub mov yuav rov qab los. Yog tias mob ntshav qab zib mellitus, yuav tsum tau siv nrog tus kws kho mob tham.
Kev puas tsuaj los ntawm kurunga tuaj yeem tshwm sim tsuas yog tus neeg tsis txaus siab. Hauv txhua qhov xwm txheej, tsis muaj kev txwv rau kev txhim kho kev noj qab haus huv.
Ib tus txheeb ze contraindication yog rog. Cov dej haus nws tus kheej muaj calories tsawg, tab sis vim nws txhim kho kev qab los noj mov, feem yuav nce siab ntxiv, thiab ntau zaus ntawm kev noj mov yuav nce.
Kev tshawb fawb tau ua tiav. Thaum siv 2 khob ntawm kurunga ib hnub, txawm tias siv lub cev hnyav, qhov nruab nrab, qhov kev kawm qhov hnyav nce yog 4 kg hauv ib hlis. Cov tib neeg lawv tus kheej tsis tau pom tias lawv hloov mus rau cov zaub mov muaj calorie ntau npaum li cas txhawm rau txhawm rau tshem tawm qhov kev tshaib kev nqhis.
Kurunga zaub mov thiab haus zaub mov txawv
Cov khoom qab zib fermented tsis yog tsuas yog qaug cawv los ntawm nws tus kheej, tab sis kuj tseem siv ua cov khoom xyaw rau ntau yam tais diav. Nws yog siv los knead mov paj, marinate nqaij hauv nws lossis sau zaub rau lub caij ntuj no.
Daim ntawv qhia Kurunga:
- Sauerkraut … Liab ntau yam zaub qhwv, 3 kg, crushed, muab tso rau hauv lub thawv, sib xyaw nrog cov txiv ntoo (cranberries, lingonberries), beets, carrots thiab txuj lom (qhuav dill, caraway noob, nplooj Bay). Koj tuaj yeem ua nws tag nrho ua ke lossis ntawm koj xaiv. Cov khoom lag luam ntxiv feem ntau yuav tsum tsis pub ntau tshaj 400 g. Ncuav rau hauv 2 tbsp. l. ntsev, 1 tbsp. l. qab zib, ncuav hauv cov mis nyuj fermented haus uas tau sawv tsawg kawg 3 hnub thiab diluted hauv ib nrab nrog dej. Tawm rau fermentation rau 24-48 teev. Cov ntsiab lus tau ua ntu zus kom tso cov pa. Tom qab ntawd, cov kua ntau dhau raug tshem tawm ntawm lub ntim nrog cov zaub qhwv (kom txog thaum nws tau nchuav tawm), cov ntsiab lus tau sib zog thiab tshem tawm mus rau qhov chaw txias nyob hauv qab kev tsim txom. Tom qab ib hnub, nws yuav tsim nyog ntxiv kua thiab ua rau muaj kev tsim txom ntxiv. Koj tuaj yeem khaws cov zaub qhwv kom txog thaum lub caij ntuj sov tom ntej.
- Yoghurt … Rau cov hmoov nplej, siv kurunga hauv tsev lossis npaj los ntawm hmoov. Hauv txhua qhov xwm txheej, hais kom tsawg kawg 5-7 hnub rau qhov tuab kom tshwm sim. Tom qab ntawd 1 liter ntawm pasteurized mis nyuj yog rhaub, npaj pib kev coj noj coj ua yog nchuav - 250 ml, 2 tbsp. l. granulated qab zib thiab 1 tbsp. l. vanilla hmoov. Qhov sib tov yog sib tov zoo kom cov piam thaj tau yaj tag, nchuav rau hauv pwm thiab muab tso rau hauv lub rhaub dej kom zoo rau 1-2 teev lossis hauv qhov ntsuas cua sov nrog dej rhaub kom 70 ° C. Cov kua yuav tsum tsis txhob nkag rau hauv pwm. Tom qab ntawd, tib lub sijhawm, cov rhawv zeb tau muab tso rau hauv lub tub yees. Cov khoom tiav muaj qhov sib xws tuab. Kev cais me ntsis ntawm cov ntshav yog tso cai.
- Curd thiab cheese … Cov dej haus tau coj mus rau rhaub thiab acidified nrog kua txiv qaub. Qhov sib cais ua ke tau raug tshem tawm kom cov ntshav yog iav. Noj nrog qab zib thiab qaub cream. Yog tias koj tshem tawm cov whey tag, qhwv nws hauv cheesecloth thiab muab tso rau hauv kev tsim txom, koj tuaj yeem tau txais qhob cij hauv tsev. Koj tsuas yog yuav tsum tau noj nws hauv 24 teev.
Cov dej haus Kurunga:
- Mead … Cov whey tseem tshuav tom qab npaj tsev cheese, 1 khob, sib xyaw nrog 3 liv dej thiab 3 tbsp.l. zib ntab. Tawm mus rau ferment ntawm chav sov, ntxiv lwm 15 g ntawm zib ntab ib hnub. Tom qab 96 teev, lim thiab muab tso rau hauv lub tub yees. Siv rau lub hom phiaj siv tshuaj thiab ua kom nqhis dej.
- Kvass … Borodino qhob cij, 5 daim ntawm 50-80 g txhua, qhuav, nchuav rau hauv 3 liv lub thawv, ntxiv ib txhais tes ntawm raisins, qab zib - 3 tbsp. l., Qhov kawg ntawm rab riam poov xab thiab 2 tbsp. l. kurungi tuab. Ncuav rau hauv dej rhaub kom 70 ° C, kaw lub caj dab nrog daim ntaub thiab tawm mus rau ferment. Tom qab 3 hnub, nws tau lim, fwj, corked thiab tso cai rau ua kom khov hauv lub tub yees rau ib hnub. Cov dej haus ntawm cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo qhuav tau hloov pauv kom qab dua - ntxiv 2 ntsiav tshuaj. Hauv qhov no, cov poov xab tau nce ntxiv rau 1 tsp.
Thaum cov kua qaub qhuav tau ntxiv rau moonshine lossis liqueurs hauv tsev thiab infusions, co toxins tsim los ntawm fusel roj tau nruab nrab. Kev faib ua feem - 20 g hmoov rau 10 liv dej haus.
Cov lus tseeb nthuav txog kurunga
Cov keeb kwm ntawm cov khoom fermented mis pib hauv xyoo pua 13th AD Cov hmoov qhuav tau pom hauv cov khaub ncaws ntawm Genghis Khan cov tub rog. Ntawm lub sijhawm me ntsis, hmoov tau co hauv dej lossis mis, tsuas yog zom ntawm cov pluas noj. Qhov no piav qhia qhov tsis muaj kev sib kis hauv cov tub rog loj, txawm hais tias muaj nyob tas li hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav thiab tsis quav ntsej rau txhua txoj cai kev tu cev.
Cov neeg kov yeej tau kawm paub yuav ua li cas kurunga thiab siv dav rau cov hom phiaj siv tshuaj kom txog thaum 50s ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum. Lub sijhawm no, cov tshuaj tua kab mob tshwm sim. Txawm li cas los xij, Cov Neeg Mongols, Tuvans, Buryats thiab Kalmyks tseem nyiam haus cov mis nyuj fermented thiab sim ua nws txhua pluas noj.
Ntxiv dag zog rau kev kho kom zoo yog ua tiav los ntawm kev sib xyaw nrog cov tshuaj ntsuab infusions. Piv txwv li, hauv kev kho tus kab mob ntsws, siv cov khoom sib sau ua ke: 1 feem ntawm sage, 2 ntu ntawm paj chamomile, nplooj ntawm coltsfoot thiab lingonberry, cov paj ntoo, 5 ntu ntawm calendula paj. Tshuaj ntsuab raw khoom sib xyaw, 1 tbsp. l. nchuav rau hauv lub hnab ntaub qhwv, hais kom nyob rau hauv kurung rau 24 teev. Siv ib nrab khob dej haus ib hnub ua ntej noj mov.
Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw kuaj mob ntawm chav sov, cov khoom fermented mis tau khaws cia yam tsis poob qhov zoo thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau 2 xyoos. Muaj tseeb, cov tais diav raug kaw tag. Nws tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav "cov ntaub ntawv" nyob hauv tsev, tab sis txhawm rau tiv thaiv kom tsis qab thiab tsis txhob nchuav cov dej haus muaj txiaj ntsig thaum muaj qhov tsis zoo tshwm sim, nws txaus los ntxuav lub hau tas li thiab nchuav rau hauv lub tais huv.
Dab tsi yog kurunga - saib cov vis dis aus:
Yog tias koj qhia cov khoom qab zib fermented rau hauv cov khoom noj tsis tu ncua, koj tuaj yeem hnov qab txog teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv thiab qeeb kev hloov pauv hnub nyoog.
