Kev rog rog cuam tshuam rau tus neeg lub peev xwm khaws cov rog ntau. Kawm txhua yam txog tus txheej txheem no, thiab poob phaus yuav tsis yog teeb meem rau koj ntxiv lawm. Cov txheej txheem rog lossis lipid yog tag nrho ntawm txhua qhov txheej txheem ntawm lub cev ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov rog nruab nrab thiab lawv cov biosynthesis tom ntej hauv lub cev. Txawm li cas los xij, ua ntej pib tham txog cov metabolism hauv rog hauv kev tsim lub cev, koj yuav tsum nkag siab tias lipid yog dab tsi thiab hom twg ntawm lawv muaj.
Lipids zoo sib xws hauv cov carbohydrates thiab muaj li ntawm hydrogen, oxygen thiab carbon. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov rog thiab carbohydrates yog qhov sib piv ntawm cov tshuaj no.
Hom lipid
Muaj peb pawg rog rog tag nrho.
Cov rog yooj yim
Cov rog yooj yim lossis nruab nrab yog tsim los ntawm triglycerides, uas yog kev sib xyaw ntawm ntau cov roj ntsha sib txuas ua ke los ntawm glycerol molecule. Yuav luag tag nrho cov rog noj, uas yog 98%, yog triglycerides. Nyob rau hauv lem, cov rog yooj yim tuaj yeem faib ua saturated thiab unsaturated:
- Cov roj uas muaj cov roj saturated tsuas muaj ib qho kev sib txuas ntawm cov pa roj carbon atoms. Txij li cov qauv ntawm cov lipids saturated tsis muaj ob daim ntawv cog lus, lawv qhov kev tshem tawm yog qhov nyuaj. Cov rog no muaj nyob hauv cov khoom tsiaj.
- Cov rog tsis txaus muaj tsawg kawg yog ob daim ntawv cog lus hauv cov saw hlau loj. Vim li no, cov roj lipid tsis txaus muaj tsawg dua atoms hydrogen uas tuaj yeem khi rau cov rog rog.
Thaum tham txog cov rog yooj yim, hais txog yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm hydrogenation. Cov txheej txheem no yog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov rog tsis muaj rog rau cov rog rog. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, kua hydrogen tau dhau los ntawm kev kub siab los ntawm cov roj ua kom sov, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm hloov pauv ob npaug nrog cov nyiaj ib leeg thiab ua kom cov ntsiab lus yaj ntawm cov rog. Thaum siv hydrogenation, cov roj fatty trans tau tsim, uas muaj qhov tsis zoo rau lub cev.
Cov rog rog
Lipids hu ua lipid complex, uas yog cov sib txuas ntawm triglyceride nrog ntau yam tshuaj:
- Phospholipids yog cov rog ua ke ua ke nrog phosphoric lossis nitrogen puag;
- Glycolipids yog cov rog rog ua ke nrog nitrogen thiab piam thaj;
- Lipoproteins yog cov rog uas ua ke nrog cov protein sib xyaw thiab ua raws li kev thauj mus rau lwm cov rog hauv lub cev.
Derivative rog
Hom roj no muaj cov rings hloov pauv cov carbohydrates. Pawg no suav nrog cov roj (cholesterol). Cov tshuaj no ib txwm muaj nyob hauv lub cev, tab sis yog tias nws ntau dhau, nws muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov hlab plawv.
Kev zom cov rog
Txij li thaum cov rog rog tsis yaj hauv dej, lawv sau me me rau ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub plab. Lipids tau zom zom hauv cov hnyuv, nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov enzyme tshwj xeeb tsim los ntawm tus txiav.
Nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm zom cov rog tshwm sim tsuas yog nyob rau saum npoo dej. Txhawm rau ua kom cov txheej txheem lipid ua tiav, cov dej me me tawg ua rau me me. Qhov no tso cai rau koj kom nce thaj tsam ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm lipase nrog cov rog. Lub cev tom qab sib sau ua ke lwm cov tshuaj nquag uas tso cai rau koj zom cov rog. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog lees paub tias cov metabolism hauv rog hauv kev tsim lub cev yog qhov nyuaj heev thiab ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov enzymes tau koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem no.
Rog catabolism
Lub sijhawm tam sim no thaum cov rog dawb, uas tau nkag rau hauv kev sib koom nrog albumin, nkag mus rau cov leeg nqaij, cov rog dawb tau tso tawm thiab xa mus rau cov nqaij mos. Ntawm no lawv rov khi nrog glycerol thiab, vim li ntawd, triglycerides tau tsim, lossis, yog tias tsim nyog, lawv tuaj yeem siv ua cov nqa khoom siv hluav taws xob.
Ib zaug hauv mitochondria, cov rog rog tau oxidized thiab hloov pauv mus rau acetyl-CoA. Thaum tag nrho cov roj fatty acid molecule dhau qhov kev hloov pauv no, tom qab ntawd lawv txhua tus raug xa mus rau lub voj voog citric acid.
Glycerol catabolism
Lub glycerol molecule, uas tau tsim thaum lub sijhawm txheej txheem lipolysis, yaj tau zoo hauv dej, vim nws nkag mus rau hauv cov ntshav sai. Ib zaug hauv lub siab, glycerin tuaj yeem hloov pauv mus rau qabzib. Glycerin yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm 3-phosphoglyceralgide, uas tuaj yeem hloov pauv mus rau pyruvate. Cov khoom no, ib zaug hauv lub voj voog citric acid, tom qab ntawd yuav oxidized rau ATP.
Rog kom tsawg
Cov rog yog lub hauv paus ntawm lub zog rau tag nrho lub cev, muab kev tiv thaiv rau cov kabmob, cais tawm thiab tom qab ntawd ua raws li kev thauj mus rau cov vitamins-rog cov roj. Cov txheej txheem kev noj zaub mov tsis muaj roj ntau tau nrov hnub no, tab sis kev noj haus cov rog yog qhov tseem ceeb rau lub cev.
Ib yam li muaj cov amino acids tseem ceeb sib txuas, tseem muaj cov roj ntsha tseem ceeb - linoleic acid. Cov tshuaj no yog polyunsaturated fatty acid uas tsis tau tsim los ntawm lub cev. Linoleic acid yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev khaws cia ntawm daim nyias nyias ntawm tes, lawv txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev tsim dua tshiab, thiab tseem ua lwm yam haujlwm tseem ceeb. Lub chaw xa khoom tseem ceeb ntawm linoleic acid yog zaub mov, thiab tshwj xeeb cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig tam sim no tau tsim.
Tus nqi tsim los ntawm kev noj zaub mov kom muaj rog tsawg kawg yog 30% ntawm tag nrho cov calories tau txais. Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub tias 20 txog 30 feem pua ntawm cov rog yuav tsum tau saturated thiab qhov seem tsis txaus. Kom ua kom pom meej dua, tuaj yeem ua piv txwv hauv qab no. Ib tus neeg noj txog 60 grams roj ib hnub, uas 12 txog 18 grams yuav tsum tau ua kom txaus.
Qhov seem 42 txog 48 grams yog cov rog tsis txaus, uas muaj nyob hauv cov roj txiv ntseej, ntses, noob paj noob hlis, lossis tshuaj ntxiv xws li ntses ntses.
Thaum tham txog cov roj metabolism hauv lub cev, nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias rog tsis yog ib txwm ua yeeb ncuab ntawm lub cev. Tau txais qhov raug ntawm cov rog tsis txaus (noj qab nyob zoo) tsuas yog pab txhawb kev noj qab haus huv thiab ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev cob qhia. Qee cov rog rog kuj tseem yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov kis las, tab sis lawv yuav tsum tau noj nyob hauv tus nqi tsim nyog.
Koj tuaj yeem kawm paub ntau ntxiv txog cov txiaj ntsig thiab muaj teeb meem ntawm cov rog noj hauv cov vis dis aus no:
