Lub ntsej muag hauv pem teb nrog cov vuas, xaiv cov khoom siv thiab cov cuab yeej tsim nyog, qib thiab cim lub hauv paus, thev naus laus zis ntawm kev txhim kho txheej txheej thiab txhuam cov pob qij txha ntawm nws cov ntsiab lus. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm tsab xov xwm:
- Xaiv pobzeb
- Cov cuab yeej teeb tsa
- Xaiv cov kua nplaum thiab cov nplaum
- Qib theem
- Cov cim hauv pem teb
- Kev siv tshuab
Tiling yog ib qho kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws, thiab ntawm no yog vim li cas. Hauv txhua chav, hauv pem teb tau nthuav tawm qhov cuam tshuam loj tshaj plaws sab nraud, yog li cov ntaub thaiv npog yuav tsum muaj lub zog siab thiab tiv taus kom puas. Vim qhov tseeb tias cov plag tsev xav tau kev ntub ntub tas li, lawv cov dej tsis haum thiab tiv taus cov tshuaj kuj tseem ceeb heev. Ib qho ntxiv, raws li lub hauv paus ntawm sab hauv, nws yuav tsum muaj kev sib haum xeeb nrog kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm qab nthab thiab phab ntsa, tsim nrog lawv cov style tag nrho ntawm chav. Koj yuav kawm paub txog qhov raug xaiv ntawm cov khoom thiab yuav ua li cas thiaj ua cov vuas vuas rau hauv pem teb los ntawm kev nyeem kab ntawv no.
Nta ntawm kev xaiv ntawm cov vuas pem teb
Thaum xaiv cov vuas hauv pem teb, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account lub nra hauv pem teb, uas yog nyob ntawm seb hom chav twg. Cov vuas tau muab faib ua tsib chav kawm raws li lub zog. Cov khoom tsim nyog rau hauv pem teb yog chav kawm III-V. Cov vuas luaj no yuav tsum yog qhov loj, cuam tshuam-tiv taus thiab muaj tuab li 8 txog 13 hli. Hauv cov chav uas muaj tsheb ntau, ib qho tuab dua yog siv dua, piv txwv li, hauv chav dej.
Cov ntaub npog hauv pem teb yuav tsum tsis txhob nplua. Yog li ntawd, rau nws cov khoom lag luam, koj yuav tsum xaiv cov pobzeb ribbed lossis matte, uas muaj corundum sputtering. Rau chav ua noj, kev ua tiav tiav matte yog siv ntau dua, vim cov vuas textured nyuaj dua los ntxuav. Rau hauv pem teb cladding hauv txoj kev hauv tsev, chav dej lossis chav nyob, koj tuaj yeem xaiv ib qho uas muaj cov khoom tiv thaiv plam.
Cov vuas hauv pem teb yuav tsum tiv taus ya raws. Qhov ntsuas no tau qhia hauv nws cov yam ntxwv kev, uas nws tau pom zoo kom paub koj tus kheej nrog ua ntej kev yuav khoom. Yog tias tsis muaj ntaub ntawv pov thawj, kev tiv thaiv ya raws tuaj yeem txiav txim siab ua piv txwv. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj tsuas yog xav tau moisten cov vuas. Nws nraub qaum yuav tsum tsis txhob nqus dej.
Cov vuas hauv chav ua noj yuav tsum tiv taus cov tshuaj ntxhua khaub ncaws hauv tsev, vim tias cov roj thiab cov roj ntau yuav poob rau hauv av thaum ua noj, uas yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm nrog cov tshuaj alkaline. Rau hauv pem teb hauv txoj kev hauv tsev, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav cov vuas vau, vim tias lawv feem ntau taug kev ntawm nws hauv khau qias neeg. Nws raug nquahu kom ua cov plag tsev ntawm verandas, terraces thiab lwm yam khoom nyob hauv qhov cua qhib los ntawm tej hub granite. Xws li cov vuas nrog lawv tus yam ntxwv thiab tsos zoo li yuav luag zoo ib yam rau lub pob zeb ntuj, yog li ntawd lawv tuaj yeem tiv taus ib qho kev ntxhov siab. Cov vuas hauv pem teb yuav tsum tsis muaj kab nrib pleb, sagging thiab chips. Thaum xaiv, nws tau pom zoo kom siv cov vuas ua ob khub ua ke nrog dav hlau thiab qhov kawg kom paub tseeb tias tsis muaj qhov khoob ntawm lawv. Kev nruj nruj ntawm cov vuas luaj hauv pem teb ua pov thawj rau lawv qhov ua tau zoo. Hauv qhov no, nws tsis tas yuav tsum txheeb xyuas txhua lub ntim nrog cov khoom. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav xaiv, thiab tom qab ntawd txiav txim siab yuav nws.
Thaum lub sijhawm txheej txheem teeb tsa, cov vuas feem ntau xav tau kev sib tsoo ntawm qhov sib tshuam, lawv tuaj yeem tawg lossis puas lwm txoj hauv kev. Yog li ntawd, nws yuav tsum tau yuav nrog cov npoo. Yog tias peb tseem suav nrog kev sib yuav, tom qab ntawv qhov no yuav yog 10-15% ntawm thaj chaw npog.
Raws li qhov loj ntawm cov vuas, lawv yuav tsum raug xaiv nyob ntawm thaj tsam ntawm chav. Cov nplais loj pom kev txo nws, rau chav me me ib qho me me yog qhov tsim nyog - 100x100 mm. Classic cov vuas square yooj yim rau nruab. Thaum xaiv cov khoom curly, tsis txhob hnov qab txog cov ciam teb, lub hauv paus thiab cov ces kaum. Rau cov chaw no, muaj cov qauv ntawm daim ntawv tshwj xeeb.
Cov vuas hauv pem teb yuav tsum muab cov xim sib piv rau phab ntsa. Ib qho ntxiv, nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias lub teeb ci ntsa iab tuaj yeem pom qhov chaw nruj, thiab nws cov xim tsaus xim tuaj yeem txo qis me ntsis, tab sis ua rau chav dav dav ntau dua. Tseem ceeb! Nws yog qhov tsim nyog tias cov vuas hauv pem teb uas tau yuav yog txhua yam los ntawm tib cov khoom xa tuaj. Txwv tsis pub, qee qhov sib txawv hauv ntxoov ntxoo xim thiab txawm tias kev ntxhib los mos tuaj yeem ua tau.
Pobzeb Pobzeb Cuab Yeej
Cov theem npaj rau kev vuas vuas rau hauv pem teb suav nrog kev xaiv cov cuab yeej, kua nplaum sib xyaw thiab grout, qib qib hauv paus thiab nws cov cim. Rau hauv pem teb, yuav tsum muaj cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb, uas ib txwm tsis muaj los ntawm tus kws ua tsev hauv tsev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum ua haujlwm zoo li no thawj zaug. Koj ib txwm tuaj yeem pom lub thawv yas rau sib xyaw cov nplais nplaum. Daim kab xev ntsuas, xaum, hnab looj tes ua haujlwm thiab khaub ncaws huv kuj tsis yog teeb meem loj. Qhov xwm txheej nyuaj dua nrog lwm cov cuab yeej thiab khoom siv uas koj yuav tsum yuav. Cov no suav nrog:
- Hla hla kev kho qhov sib npaug ntawm cov vuas thaum tso lawv. Lawv tau ua los ntawm cov yas thiab muaj cov pas nrig. Qhov ntau tshaj plaws ntawm cov ntoo khaub lig yog 2-4 hli. Hauv ib pob ntawm cov khoom lag luam los ntawm 200 daim lossis ntau dua.
- Spatula rau sau cov pob qij txha ntawm cov vuas. Nws cov hniav yog ua los ntawm cov roj hmab tuab, uas tsis suav nrog kev puas tsuaj rau ntawm cov nplais thaum nws ua tiav.
- Tsev theem. Nws tswj kev teeb tsa cov vuas nyob hauv ib lub dav hlau dav.
- Pobzeb txiav. Nws lub npe tsis xav tau cov lus pom, tab sis nrog kev pab ntawm cov cuab yeej zoo li no, cov npoo ntawm cov vuas, thaum txiav ntawm qhov kev sib tshuam, yog du, thiab tsis muaj cov nplais ntawm txheej txheej ntawm cov khoom, uas yog tsis yooj yim sua thaum siv grinder rau tib lub hom phiaj.
- Cov laum hluav taws xob nruab nrog cov khoom sib tov. Koj yuav xav tau nws los npaj cov nplais nplaum.
- Notched trowel. Nrog nws txoj kev pab, kua nplaum yog siv rau lub hauv paus thiab nws qib. Cov hniav ntawm cov spatula no yog ua los ntawm cov hlau, muaj qhov dav txog 250 hli thiab cov hniav plaub fab ntawm ntug kev ua haujlwm nrog qhov ntev ntawm 6 hli.
- Roj hmab mallet. Qhov no yog rauj rau qib vuas raws li lawv tau tso.
Xaiv cov kua nplaum thiab cov nplaum rau cov vuas hauv pem teb
Pobzeb nplaum muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev ua haujlwm lossis sib xyaw qhuav. Hauv thawj kis, cov thoob thoob yas ua lub ntim rau nws, thiab hauv ob - hnab. Nws muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua los yuav cov khoom sib tov qhuav. Nws pheej yig dua, thiab koj tuaj yeem tig cov hmoov ua cov kua nplaum hauv tsev. Ib qho ntxiv, nws yog qhov yooj yim rau knead qhov sib tov qhuav hauv ib feem raws li qhov nrawm thiab lub sijhawm ntawm kev ua haujlwm.
Pobzeb nplaum tuaj yeem hloov pauv nrog kev tsim cov cement-sand mortar. Nrog nws txoj kev pab, hauv txheej txheem ntawm txheej txheej, qhov ua tsis zoo hauv lub hauv paus hauv daim ntawv ntawm pob me me thiab kev nyuaj siab raug tshem tawm. Ua haujlwm nrog cov kab ntawv no yog qhov nyuaj, tab sis nws pheej yig. Qhov kev xaiv zoo yog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov cement zoo, cov xuab zeb thiab cov hmoov ntawm cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke. Raws li qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, ib qho yooj yim-rau-siv, kev lag luam thiab txhim khu kev qha pobzeb mortar tuaj yeem tau txais.
Fugue yog ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb uas tsim los txhawm rau txhawm rau sib koom ua ke ntawm cov khoom ntim hauv pem teb. Nws lwm lub npe yog "grout", uas tuaj yeem txhais tau ob qho tib si sib xyaw nws tus kheej thiab ua nrog nws. Thaum xaiv fugue, koj yuav tsum paub tias qhov sib piv sib txawv yuav hais txog cov duab ntawm txhua lub pobzeb thiab ua kom cov cladding ci. Thiab cov grout, sib haum rau lub suab nrov ntawm txheej txheej, yuav muab nws ua kom muaj zog. Qhov dav ntawm cov pob qij txha nyob ntawm qhov tsim kev daws teeb meem, qhov zoo ntawm cov vuas thiab tuaj yeem yog los ntawm ob txog nees nkaum millimeters.
Rau cov tsev nyob, epoxy lossis cement grout tau siv, rau kev lag luam - kev sib xyaw raws li furan resins. Txhua tus ntawm lawv sib txawv raws li kev ua haujlwm hauv lub neej thiab qib sib txawv ntawm kev tiv thaiv rau lwm yam kev cuam tshuam. Epoxy fugues yog cov khoom siv tau tshaj plaws thiab muaj kev tshaj lij. Txhawm rau ua haujlwm nrog lawv, yuav tsum muaj kev kub ceev thiab raug. Tsis yog txhua tus tiler, thiab ntau dua li tus pib, yuav tuaj yeem ua cov nqaws nrog cov grout nrog cov khoom zoo. Yog li, nws yuav zoo dua yog tias koj xaiv rau cov cement grout.
Leveling sub-floor hauv qab cov vuas
Cov nplais pobzeb yuav tsum muaj lub hauv paus tiaj tiaj. Yog li ntawd, qhov pom thiab lub zog ntawm cov plag tsev yav tom ntej nyob ntawm nws qhov kev npaj. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, qhov saum npoo yuav tsum tau ntxuav ntawm cov khib nyiab thiab av, thiab tom qab ntawd txheeb xyuas nws hauv cov lus qhia sib txawv nrog txoj kab tsheb ciav hlau ob-meter thiab qib tsev. Yog tias qhov sib txawv ntawm hauv pem teb los ntawm lub dav hlau kab rov tav ntau dua 3 mm rau 1 meter meter, koj yuav tsum ua qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas raws qhov hauv paus. Ua ntej txhim kho nws, koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo tshuaj xyuas cov pob zeb hauv av. Yog tias nws muaj cov dej sib xyaw tsim los yog cov kab nrib pleb loj, tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum tau tshem ntawm lawv. Nws muaj peev xwm tshem tawm cov sagging nrog "grinder", thiab cov kab nrib pleb yuav tsum tau txiav, ntxuav ntawm cov qhob cij crumbs thiab ua kom huv si puv nrog cov cement mortar.
Yog tias cov vuas yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv chav nrog qib siab ntawm cov av noo, hauv chav da dej, piv txwv li, ua ntej thov cov screed, lub hauv paus yuav tsum tau txheej nrog txheej txheej tiv thaiv dej. Bituminous mastic tuaj yeem siv ua khoom siv. Nws tau thov nrog txhuam, tab sis cov av hauv av yuav tsum tau ua ntej txheej ua ntej txheej kom ntseeg tau tias muaj cov nplaum thiab tshem tawm cov hmoov av.
Screed hauv pem teb tuaj yeem ua tiav siv cov tshuaj khib ib txwm dhau lub lighthouses lossis los ntawm kev nchuav saum npoo nrog kev sib xyaw nws tus kheej. Txoj kev thib ob yog yooj yim dua. Tom qab lub screed tau qhuav, nws kuj tseem yuav tsum tau thov txheej txheej ntawm primer rau nws siv cov menyuam, tshuaj tsuag lossis txhuam. Nws yuav ua kom zoo dua txhim kho cov nplaum ntawm cov nplais nplaum rau hauv txheej txheej thaum tiling hauv pem teb.
Cov ntoo hauv paus rau cov vuas yog qib ib yam nkaus. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, hauv pem teb ntoo yuav tsum tau tshuaj xyuas kom muaj zog. Cov laug cam yuav tsum tau hloov pauv, cov kab nrib pleb yuav tsum tau ntim nrog cov ntoo ua kom zoo thiab cov dej tsis sib haum. Tom qab ntawd, koj tuaj yeem ua cov cement screed lossis nteg hauv pem teb rau qib nrog plywood tiv taus dej nrog tuab tsawg kawg 12 hli. Nws txoj hlua yuav tsum tau ua nrog cov ntsia hlau lossis ntsia hlau rau hauv pem teb.
Npav npav rau kev teeb tsa cov vuas
Cov vuas luaj tuaj yeem tso rau hauv peb txoj hauv kev. Thawj lub tswv yim yog "seam rau seam". Nws ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws rau cov vuas loj. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws cov kab nyob ua ke.
Kab pheeb ces kaum mounting yog txoj kev thib ob. Hauv qhov no, cov kab sib dhos tau muab tso rau hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog cov kab ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm 45 °. Cov txheej txheem no tso cai rau koj los npog qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov qauv siv txiav cov vuas, uas nyob ntawm ntug ntawm cov plag tsev.
Qhov txheej txheem thib peb yog pobzeb staggered tso. Nws yog ua los ntawm cov vuas hauv pem teb thiab zoo li lub cib ntsa. Txhua ntawm cov phiaj xwm no zoo nyob hauv nws tus kheej txoj kev. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas xaiv txoj hauv kev txhim kho cov vuas hauv pem teb kom haum rau txhua qhov tsim ntawm chav.
Thaum tau xaiv cov txheej txheem tso, peb npaj mus rau kos rau hauv pem teb. Cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis tshaj plaws ntawm cov txheej txheem no yog siv cov khoos phis tawj tsim los rau lub hom phiaj no. Lawv ua rau nws tuaj yeem pom qhov tshwm sim zaum kawg tam sim ntawd. Nws yuav pom tseeb tias cov qauv hauv pem teb zoo li cas, muaj pes tsawg vuas nyob hauv kab thiab cov twg xav tau kev txiav. Tab sis cov txheej txheem teeb tsa rau txheej txheej kuj tseem tuaj yeem kos rau ntawm daim ntawv, qhov no tsis tseem ceeb.
Hauv kev xyaum, txoj haujlwm no zoo li qhov no. Ua ntej tshaj, koj yuav tsum tau rhuav lub qhov rooj thiab cov laug cam, thiab tom qab ntawd ua cov cim nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm txhua phab ntsa. Tom qab ntawd daim duab tha xim yuav tsum rub tawm ntawm cov cim sib txawv thiab tso tawm sai. Tom qab kov hauv pem teb, qaum yuav tawm cov ntawv luam ntawm txoj kab hla thiab txoj kab nruab nrab ntawm txheej txheej yav tom ntej rau nws.
Yog tias koj npaj yuav muab cov khoom tso rau hauv kab pheeb ces kaum, koj yuav tsum kos ob kab ntxiv txuas sib thooj ntawm cov hauv pem teb. Lawm, lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm txhua txoj kab yuav tsum tsuas yog ib qho thiab xaiv qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm hauv pem teb lossis nws ntu, yog tias chav nyob muaj lub kaum sab nrauv qhov projections.
Ua kom pom tseeb ntawm cov kab axial ntawm hauv pem teb, koj yuav tsum nteg cov vuas ntawm nws yam tsis muaj tshuaj khib txhawm rau txhawm rau npaj ua ntej txheej txheej. Thawj qhov pib ntawm nws kev teeb tsa ntawm theem kev ua haujlwm no tuaj yeem raug kho: thaj chaw hauv pem teb pom los ntawm qhov pib yuav tsum tau npog nrog cov vuas tawv, thiab cov txiav yuav tsum tau muab zais hauv qab chav rooj tog lossis npaj nws qhov chaw nyob ze ntawm lub qhov rooj. Yog tias koj txaus siab rau qhov teeb tsa, cov vuas tuaj yeem suav thiab tshem tawm hauv pem teb.
Pem teb pobzeb tso tshuab
Nws raug nquahu kom ua cov nplais pobzeb ntawm huab cua kub ntawm + 20 ° C thiab cov av noo ntawm 60%. Cov no yog cov xwm txheej zoo tshaj plaws, yog tias lawv tau pom, cov kua nplaum hauv qab txheej yuav tawv hauv 24 teev. Hauv qhov kub qis dua + 5 ° C, cov txheej txheem tuaj yeem siv sijhawm ib lub lim tiam.
Kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum pib nrog kev npaj cov nplais nplaum. Txhua qhov kev pom zoo ntawm qhov teeb meem no nyob hauv cov lus qhia nyob ntawm kev ntim khoom. Hauv qhov yuav tsum tau ua, cov kua nplaum sib xyaw qhuav yuav tsum tau nchuav rau hauv dej thiab ua tib zoo txav nrog lub taub ntim dej ntawm lub laum hluav taws xob. Qhov loj yuav tsum tig los ua homogeneous thiab yas. Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob ua ntau qhov kev daws tam sim, vim nws tuab tuab txaus.
Kev tso cov vuas hauv pem teb yuav tsum pib los ntawm lub ces kaum pom ntawm chav tsev thiab maj mam txav mus rau ntawm lub qhov rooj thaum koj ua haujlwm. Cov nplais nplaum tau siv rau lub hauv paus thiab qib nrog lub thav duab thais. Kev tsim qauv ntawm cov cuab yeej ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tswj hwm tib txheej tuab hauv thaj tsam ntawm lub ntsej muag yav tom ntej. Lub hauv paus ntawm lub hauv paus npog nrog kua nplaum rau tso qee cov vuas yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 1 m2.
Tom qab ntawd, tig mus, txhua ntu ntawm txheej yuav tsum tau muab tso rau ntawm cov kua nplaum thiab ua kom haum hauv lub dav hlau, pib los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm cov nplais thiab txav mus rau nws cov npoo. Kab rov tav ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum tau tshuaj xyuas nrog qib tsev thiab kho, yog tias tsim nyog, los ntawm maj mam tapping nrog cov roj hmab mallet. Cov kua nplaum ntau dhau ntawm cov npoo ntawm lub ntsej muag ntawm cov nplais yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm thiab siv nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev thov ib feem tshiab ntawm qhov sib xyaw rau lub hauv paus.
Ntxiv nrog rau kev ua kab rov tav, txhua lub vuas yuav tsum tau yaug. Yog tias cov pobzeb siab dua qhov qub dhau los, koj yuav tsum nias nws me ntsis, thiab yog tias nws qis dua, ntxiv cov kua nplaum rau hauv qab nws. Tib qib ntawm cov vuas uas nyob ib sab yog tswj los ntawm tus kav lossis txoj cai. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, cov cuab yeej yuav tsum tau muab tso, tso nws tam sim ntawd ntawm ob lub vuas tso ib sab. Yuav tsum tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv lub dav hlau thiab tus kav. Txhawm rau kom nqaim nruab nrab ntawm cov vuas kom zoo ib yam, koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo ntxig cov yas hla rau hauv lawv, ob qho ntawm txhua sab ntawm cov khoom siv.
Feem ntau, kev tso txheej txheem dav dav yog raws li hauv qab no: siv cov kua nplaum, nias cov vuas, txheeb xyuas kab rov tav thiab qib dav, tshem cov kua nplaum ntau dhau thiab txhim kho cov khoom sib cais. Txiav cov vuas tau tso zaum kawg.
Tom qab ib hnub, cov ntoo hla ntoo yuav tsum raug tshem tawm ntawm cov ntaub qhwv. Tom qab cov nplaum tau kho kom zoo, cov txheej txheej txheej tuaj yeem pib. Raws li qhov xwm txheej hauv chav, txheej txheej tawv tawv tsis pub dhau 24-36 teev. Cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem nrawm dua los ntawm kev qhib cua sov qhov chaw.
Cov grout rau cov nplais grout yuav tsum tau kneaded kom sib xws ntawm cov tuab muab tshuaj txhuam, thiab tom qab ntawd, siv cov roj hmab spatula, sau tag nrho cov pob qij txha ntawm cov vuas tso nrog nws. Kev sib xyaw ntau dhau los ntawm cov nplais yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm tam sim nrog tib lub cuab yeej.
Tom qab ib nrab teev, cov nyom yuav qhuav me ntsis. Tom qab ntawd, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau so ib daim txhuam cev hauv dej sov thiab tshem cov seem me me ntawm fugue los ntawm cov nplais saum npoo av nrog nws. Tom qab ib teev, cov pobzeb tiav yuav tsum tau so nrog daim txhuam cev tawv thiab daim ntaub flannel qhuav. Txog thaum cov hniav tau ua kom tawv, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob muab cov rooj tog hnyav tso rau hauv chav.
Tseem ceeb! Nws yog qhov zoo dua tsis ncua kev ntxuav cov vuas. Tom qab ntawd, nws yuav nyuaj heev kom tshem tawm cov khoom sib xyaw qhuav los ntawm cladding yam tsis ua rau nws nto. Yuav ua li cas nteg cov vuas rau hauv pem teb - saib cov vis dis aus:
Ua-nws-koj tus kheej tso cov vuas rau hauv pem teb siv sijhawm kwv yees li ib hlis, pib los ntawm kev npaj lub hauv paus thiab xaus nrog kev pib ua haujlwm tag nrho ntawm chav. Yog tias koj ua raws txhua yam lus thiab thev naus laus zis ntawm cov ntaub thaiv, nws cov txiaj ntsig yuav zoo siab rau cov qhua thiab cov tswv ntawm lub tsev tau ntau xyoo. Peb xav koj txoj haujlwm zoo!
