Cov lus qhia khaws cia zaub mov hauv lub tub yees thiab sab hauv tsev. Yuav khaws cov zaub, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, ntses, mis nyuj thiab cov khoom lag luam li cas. Yuav tsum tsim cov xwm txheej dab tsi. Kev khaws zaub mov yog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau txhua tus niam tsev. Paub txog cov cai ntawm txheej txheem no yuav tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm kev puas thiab tsis pov cov nyiaj hauv qhov dej. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm no yog tsim cov xwm txheej zoo rau qhov no: xaiv txoj hauv kev raug, txiav txim siab qhov ntsuas kub, dej noo thiab lwm yam.
Cov cai dav dav rau khaws cov zaub mov
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm no yog qhov ntsuas kub; Yuav luag txhua yam yuav tsum khaws cia hauv lub tub yees, thiab qee yam hauv qab daus. Cov av noo nyob hauv chav tsis pub tshaj 70%. Kev cais cais ntau yam khoom kuj tseem ceeb heev, txwv tsis pub lawv cov ntxhiab tsw tuaj yeem sib xyaw, uas yuav cuam tshuam rau saj.
Tsis txhob tsis quav ntsej txog hnub tas sij hawm, uas ib txwm tau qhia ntawm pob. Yog tias qee yam los ntawm cov khoom noj tau ploj mus lawm, nws tsis tuaj yeem khaws cia hauv lub tub yees.
Thaum khaws khoom noj, koj yuav tsum xyuam xim rau cov hauv qab no:
- Qhov chaw … Qhov chaw ntawm tus qauv qub tub yees uas zoo sib xws tau muab faib ua 4-5 ntu, tsis suav nrog lub tub yees txias. Txhua tus ntawm lawv tau tsim los rau cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb: ntses nyoos lossis nqaij uas tau npaj yuav ua noj hauv 1-2 hnub tom ntej no tau muab tso rau ntawm lub txee qis, sab saud yog rau cov khoom siv mis nyuj, thiab ib nrab yog npaj rau kev npaj tais diav Ntawm lub txee sab muaj ntau yam kua ntses, roj, qe, uas yuav luag txhua lub thawv tshwj xeeb.
- Lub sij hawm … Ntawm no peb tsis tham ntau txog dab tsi tau sau rau ntawm lub ntim, tab sis txog lub sijhawm khaws cia tiag. Feem ntau ntawm tag nrho, lub sijhawm no nyob hauv kev txuag, uas tuaj yeem tso tsis tau tsuas yog hauv lub tub yees, tab sis kuj hauv qab daus. Nws suav nrog ntau yam zaub xam lav, compotes, khaws cia. Ntawm no lawv tuaj yeem nyob ntev txog ib xyoos. Cov khoom noj uas zom tau sai (mis nyuj, kefir, ntses nyoos) yuav haum rau noj 2-3 hnub, tom qab ntawd lawv yuav muaj ntxhiab tsw ntxhiab.
- Txoj kev … Muaj ob txoj kev xaiv ntawm no - khaws cov khoom nyoos thiab khov. Cov tshuaj tom kawg yog cuam tshuam rau ntau yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo, zaub, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, nqaij thiab ntses. Cov txheej txheem no tsis haum rau qe, mis, kefir, thiab lwm yam. Hauv thawj kis, koj tuaj yeem siv cov dej khov ntxiv, uas yuav txo qhov kub ntawm cov zaub mov.
- Pob … Txhua yam ntaub ntawv ntau yuav tsum tau ntim rau hauv iav lossis ntim yas, uas yuav tsum tau kaw nrog lub hau thiab muab tso rau hauv lub txee rau hauv chav ua noj. Qhov no yuav tiv thaiv zaub mov tsis zoo thiab kab los ntawm sab hauv.
Nws tsis raug tso cai khaws cov zaub mov hauv lub hnab yas qhwv nruj nreem, cov khoom noj sai sai tau txais cov ntxhiab tsw. Ua ntej thauj lawv ntawm no, koj yuav tsum yaug txhua yam kom zoo (txiv hmab txiv ntoo, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, thiab lwm yam). Tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv twg yuav tsum tau zaub thiab lwm yam khoom ntxuav uas tsis muaj tev ntau tshaj ib hnub.
Tseem ceeb! Tsis txhob hnov qab txog kev muaj lub hnab tshwj xeeb thiab ntim rau khaws cov khoom noj.
Cov lus qhia yuav khaws cov zaub mov li cas
Cov txheej txheem khaws khoom noj sib txawv rau ntses, khoom siv mis nyuj thiab khoom ci, khoom noj, nqaij, qe, hnyuv ntxwm, zaub thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo, thiab khoom noj khoom haus ntau. Qhov tom kawg suav nrog hmoov, tshuaj yej, kas fes, qab zib, ntsev, txuj lom thiab ntau yam nplej. Ntawm lawv, qhov xwm txheej nyuaj tshaj plaws yog nrog semolina thiab millet, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab qhov nruab nrab pib sai heev. Yog li ntawd, cov tsev txhab nyiaj nrog lawv ib txwm raug kaw.
Kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov khoom lag luam
Qhov ntxim nyiam tshaj plaws hauv qhov no yog suab thaj, ntau yam txuj lom, ntsev thiab tshuaj yej, uas yuav tsis tuaj yeem ua rau puas xyoo. Txawm hais tias lawv pw ntau xyoo, lawv cov saj, hnov tsw thiab pom yuav tsis hloov pauv. Lawv tsis xav tau txias lossis sov ntau, yog li lawv tsis muab tso rau hauv lub tub yees. Tab sis, txawm hais tias qhov no, rau txhua tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov khw muag khoom, nws tus kheej lub peev xwm yuav tsum tau muab.
Cov lus qhia khaws cia sib txawv ntawm cov khoom:
- Cereals … Rau lawv, koj yuav tsum yuav cov yas lossis iav ntim nrog ntim ntawm 0.2 txog 1 liter. Ua ntej siv lawv, lawv yuav tsum tau ntxuav kom zoo thiab qhuav, tig lawv rov qab - nws tsis raug tso rau ncuav buckwheat, semolina, thiab lwm yam rau hauv cov thawv ntub. Cov groats yuav tsum tau txheeb tawm yog tias muaj cov xim dub thiab cov khib nyiab. Yog tias nws tseem nyob hauv hnab qhib, tom qab ntawd lawv yuav tsum raug kaw nrog cov khaub ncaws.
- Hmoov … Nws tuaj yeem noj tau rau 6 txog 12 lub hlis, nyob ntawm seb hom twg. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog khaws nws hauv hnab ntaub nrog ntim ntawm 1-5 kg. Ua qhov kawg, koj tuaj yeem tso cov khoom no tso rau hauv hnab ntawv, tab sis tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum tau ceev faj kom tsis txhob ntub dej. Qhov kev xaiv twg yog xaiv, lub ntim khoom yuav tsum tau muab khi nrog txoj hlua. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog kom muaj huab cua nyob hauv chav ntawm 60%, thiab qhov kub nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm + 5-18 ° С. Koj tsis tuaj yeem khaws hom xoob xoob no rau hauv qhov chaw uas pom muaj nas tsuag, txwv tsis pub, dhau sijhawm, nws yuav kis tus ntxhiab tsw nas.
- Tshuaj yej … Nws yuav tsum tau nchuav tam sim rau hauv lub khob yas lossis iav thiab npog nrog lub hau. Yog tias tsis muaj lub thawv tshwj xeeb, tom qab ntawd cov khoom siv raw tau tso rau hauv lawv "haiv neeg" ntim khoom, tab sis polyethylene sab hauv tau qhwv nruj thiab khi kom cov dej noo tsis nkag mus rau hauv. Nws tau khaws cia tawm ntawm tshav ntuj ncaj qha, nyiam dua hauv lub txee dai khaub ncaws.
- Kas fes … Nws tau poob siab heev los yuav cov dej haus no ua ntej, ntau dua 2 lub lis piam ua ntej, txwv tsis pub nws saj thiab tsw qab tuaj yeem hloov rau qhov tsis zoo. Txhawm rau kom nws tsis txhob muaj qhov ntxhiab tsw txawv, tam sim tom qab kev yuav nws tuaj yeem nchuav rau hauv lub hnab ntawv lossis hauv lub thawv. Qhov tom kawg yuav tsum muaj lub hau kaw nruj nrog lub silicone gasket. Nws muaj peev xwm khaws cov khoom noj zoo li no hauv lub khob rau cov nplej hauv chav ua noj, tab sis koj tsis tuaj yeem muab lawv tso rau hauv lub tub yees thiab ntau dua li hauv lub tub yees.
- Ntsev … Nws, tsis hais txog hom twg, tau ntim nrog me me tshwj xeeb hodgepodge, thiab qhov seem tseem nyob hauv nws cov ntim khoom ntuj. Yog tias nws tau ua los ntawm cov ntawv tuab, tom qab ntawd nws tau qhwv kom cov dej noo tsis nkag sab hauv. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm lub hnab yas, koj yuav xav tau ib lub khaub ncaws, uas yog hnav rau ntawm ntug txiav.
- Txuj lom … Txhua yam yog yooj yim heev nrog lawv - cov rhawv zeb tshwj xeeb tau muab rau lawv, uas tuaj yeem muab tso rau ntawm lub txee uas txuas rau ntawm phab ntsa hauv chav ua noj. Qhov tseem ceeb yog kom lawv kaw txhua lub sijhawm thiab yaug lub hau tsis tu ncua kom tsis txhob muaj cov txuj lom ntau ntxiv rau lawv.
Tsis txhob khaws cov khoom lag luam ntau hauv lub tub yees, thiab ntau ntxiv nyob ze ntawm ntses, nqaij thiab mis. Thaum lub caij sov, nws raug tso cai tso lawv rau hauv qab daus qhuav, qhov uas txhua qhov no tuaj yeem khaws cia hauv lub thawv yas. Yog tias cov khoom ntub, nws yuav tsum tau qhuav tam sim ntawd los ntawm kis nws tawm ntawm daim ntawv ci thiab muab tso rau ntawm lub qhov rooj qhib ntawm lub qhov cub ci. Tsis txhob nqa cov hmoov nplej nrog rab diav ntub, txwv tsis pub cov dej noo nkag rau hauv nws, thiab nws yuav pib ploj mus. Qhov zoo tshaj, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav ntau dua 1-2 kg ntawm ib tus tsiaj, txuas ntxiv cov khoom lag luam tsuas yog thaum tsim nyog.
Cov xwm txheej cia rau cov khoom siv mis nyuj
Txhua yam khoom siv mis nyuj tuaj yeem khaws cia hauv qab daus txias lossis tub yees. Thawj qhov kev xaiv yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau cov cheese nyuaj uas tuaj yeem khaws cia ntau dua ib hlis. Mis nyuj, tsev cheese, qaub cream, butter yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv lub tub yees ntawm lub txee tshwj xeeb, feem ntau nws nyob rau saum toj kawg nkaus. Lub sijhawm no, qhov kub yuav tsum yog yam tsawg 1 ° C, tsis li ntawd txhua yam yuav ploj mus.
Cov mis nyuj khov yog cov khoom siv tau ntau yam uas tuaj yeem sawv hauv chav ua noj hauv chav sov li ntau tshaj li ib lub lim tiam. Yog tias nws yog cov hlau tuaj yeem ua tau, tom qab ntawd nws yuav tsum tau npog nruj nrog lub hau. Qhov ntim tau yooj yim tshaj plaws yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub hnab ua los ntawm ntom polyethylene. Lawv yuav tsum khaws cia kom deb ntawm tshav ntuj.
Tib txoj cai siv rau mis hmoov, uas ua rau khov hauv lub tub yees. Txhawm rau khaws cov khoom lag luam khoom noj ua kua mis rau lub sijhawm ntev dua, tom qab qhib lub pob, qhov chaw txiav yuav tsum tau kaw nrog cov khaub ncaws, txwv tsis pub cov dej noo yuav nkag mus rau hauv, thiab tom qab ntawd cov hmoov yuav pib khov.
Yog tias koj xav kom tsev cheese tau noj tau ntau dua 2-3 hnub, tom qab ntawd ncuav nws mus rau hauv lub tais enamel, hauv qab uas tso me ntsis ntsev, thiab nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm cov khoom - ntxuav cheesecloth dipped hauv cov kua ntsev, thiab nias cia nrog kev tsim txom.
Yog tias peb tab tom tham txog mis nyuj pasteurized, tom qab qhib lub pob nws tau pom zoo kom nchuav nws rau hauv lub khob yas. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntim rau hauv cov thawv ntawv thiab cov fwj, txhua yam tuaj yeem sab laug raws li nws yog, tsuas yog kaw nruj lub hau tom qab tshem tawm tag nrho.
Cov cai thiab txee lub neej ntawm cov khoom lag luam nqaij
Pawg no suav nrog tsis tsuas yog cov nqaij ntshiab (nqaij nyuj, nqaij npuas, nqaij nyuj, nqaij qaib, thiab lwm yam), tab sis kuj muaj ntau yam khoom lag luam raws lawv. Nws tuaj yeem yog cutlets hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov khoom ua tiav, hnyuv ntxwm nyoos, hnyuv ntxwm, hnyuv ntxwm, hnyuv ntxwm thiab ntau ntxiv. Tag nrho cov no xav tau qhov kub qis, txwv tsis pub nws sai sai. Haus hnyuv ntxwm muaj lub txee ntev tshaj plaws.
Cia peb txiav txim siab ntau ntxiv qhov xav tau rau kev khaws cov khoom lag luam nqaij:
- Nqaij hnyuv ntxwm thiab hnyuv ntxwm … Lawv tuaj yeem noj tau hauv 2-5 hnub txij li hnub yuav khoom, yog tias lawv tau khaws cia hauv zaj duab xis qub. Yog tias tshem tawm tam sim ntawd, lawv yuav tsim cov tawv tawv, tsaus nti thiab poob sai sai. Yog li ntawd, tsis txhob txiav ntau dhau ua ntej, thiab thaum muaj ib yam dab tsi tseem tshuav, cov hlais yuav tsum tau npog nrog phaj lossis hnab.
- Haus hnyuv ntxwm … Lawv lub neej txee tuaj yeem mus txog ib xyoos. Yog tias cov khoom qab zib no tau yuav 1-2 lub lis piam ua ntej npaj siv, tom qab ntawd lawv tau khaws cia hauv lub tub yees. Yam koj xav tau rau hnub no lossis tag kis tuaj yeem tso rau saum lub txee txias ntawm qhov kub ntawm 4 ° C. Hauv qhov no, koj tsis tuaj yeem txiav tus pas lossis tshem zaj duab xis los ntawm nws.
- Ntxuav cov nqaij … Fresh, nws tuaj yeem khaws cia hauv lub tub yees tsis pub ntev tshaj ob hnub ntawm qhov kub ntawm 2-3 ° C. Ua ntej no, cov khoom yuav tsum tau ntxuav kom zoo, tsau hauv dej ntsev thiab qhuav. Tom qab ntawd nws tau qhwv nrog cov ntawv zaub mov thiab muab tso rau hauv lub txee rau hauv lub tub yees. Yog tias rau lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb nws tsis siv, tom qab ntawd khov yog tsim nyog. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, lawv tsuas yog txiav nws, muab nws tso rau hauv hnab thiab xa mus rau lub tub yees.
Khaws zaub ua zaub mov
Cov no yog cov khoom noj uas tuaj yeem khaws tau ob qho tib si hauv chav sov thiab hauv qhov chaw txias. Qos yaj ywm tau khaws cia zoo hauv qab daus, qhov uas muaj laj kab tshwj xeeb ua rau lawv hauv av. Nws tau nchuav rau ntawm no tsis pub ntau tshaj 20 cm. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv nws los ntawm kev pib rot, chav yuav tsum tsis txhob ntub, yog li nws yuav tsum tau tso pa tawm tas li.
Cia peb faib ua pawg raws hom khoom:
- Carrot … Nws tuaj yeem muaj kev nyab xeeb nyob hauv pob tawb thiab hauv chav ua noj, tab sis nrog cov av noo siab nws pib rot lossis dhau los ua pwm.
- Dos … Ntawm no, qhov xwm txheej zoo ib yam li nrog carrots - nws tuaj yeem khaws cia hauv tsev, tab sis koj tsis tuaj yeem kaw lub hnab kom nruj.
- Txiv lws suav … Tom qab muab tso rau hauv lub tub yees, lawv poob sai sai lawv saj thiab tsw qab. Yog li ntawd, nws zoo dua tsuas yog khaws lawv ntawm lub rooj yam tsis tau npog lawv nrog dab tsi. Ua ntej ua qhov no, lawv yuav tsum tau ntxuav kom zoo.
- Dib … Lawv twb xav tau qhov ntsuas kub tsawg, vim tias tsis li ntawd lawv dhau los ua mos thiab pwm. Lawv yuav tsum tau khaws cia rau hauv lub tub rau khoom tshwj xeeb hauv lub tub yees.
- Beets thiab cabbage … Qhov chaw zoo tshaj plaws rau lawv yog hauv qab daus, tab sis hauv chav tsev lawv tseem khaws qhov zoo rau lub sijhawm ntev. Tom qab kev yuav khoom, lawv yuav tsum raug tshem tawm ntawm pob khoom thiab muab tso rau hauv pob tawb.
Yuav khaws cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ua zaub mov li cas
Txiv hmab txiv ntoo, pears, txiv tsawb, kiwis - tag nrho cov no tau tawg sai sai ntawm chav sov, yog li lawv khaws cia hauv cov txiv ntoo hauv lub tub yees. Lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob sib xyaw ua ke, nws yog qhov zoo dua los qhwv lawv hauv ntawv ci thiab muab lawv cais. Koj tuaj yeem ntxig daim duab los ntawm lawv los ntawm kev ua ob peb kab. Ua ntej, koj yuav tsum muab cov zaub mov khov kho, uas yuav tsis zuaj rau hauv qab.
Txhua yam uas tuaj yeem ntws tau - txiv duaj, plum apricots, nectarine - yuav tsum khaws cia hauv cov yas ntim nrog qhov hauv qab. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob ntub cov tub yees, lawv yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv hnab.
Tag nrho cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog ua ntej ntxuav thiab qhuav. Yog tias txoj haujlwm yog txhawm rau txuag lawv rau lub caij ntuj no, tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem ua kom khov. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, lawv tau nchuav nrog dej npau, tev, npog nrog piam thaj, tso cai sawv ntsug li 1-2 teev, muab tso rau hauv lub thoob yas thiab muab tso rau hauv lub tub yees.
Qhuav txiv apples, pears, apricots tuaj yeem khaws ncaj qha rau hauv hnab hauv lub txee dai khaub ncaws - tsis muaj dab tsi yuav tsum tshwm sim rau lawv, tab sis nws yog qhov xav tau kom qhuav lawv hauv qhov cub tsawg kawg ib hlis ib zaug.
Npaum li cas thiab ntau npaum li cas cov khoom ntses tuaj yeem khaws cia
Cov ntses tshiab tuaj yeem nyob ntawm qhov kub ntawm 0 txog + 2 ° C tsis pub ntev tshaj 2 hnub, tom qab ntawd nws pib tso cov ntxhiab tsw ntxhiab. Yog tias lub sijhawm no xav tau nce ntxiv, tom qab ntawd nws yuav tsum tau ntxuav, ntxuav thiab nphoo nrog cov dej khov. Qhov no yuav tso cai rau cov khoom puas yuav raug ncua ntev li ntawm 2-3 hnub.
Thaum tseem muaj sia nyob ntses tuaj yeem tso rau hauv chav da dej lossis ntim loj thiab, yog tias tsim nyog, ntes tau.
Ntsev mackerel, herring, sprat yog hom phiaj khaws cia tev, nrog dos thiab roj paj noob hlis. Tab sis qhov no, lawv yuav tsum tau npog nrog lub hau kom cov ntxhiab tsw sib tov.
Yog tias koj xav tau txhawm rau txhim kho lub neej txee, tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem tsau cov ntses hauv cov kua qaub rau ob peb teev, tom qab ntawd yaug nrog dej.
Yuav ua li cas thiab ntau npaum li cas khaws berries
Berries yog ib yam ntawm cov khoom noj uas tsis yooj yim sua. Fresh, lawv tuaj yeem khaws cia rau hauv cov thawv yas tsis pub ntev tshaj 1-2 hnub, tom qab ntawd lawv pib tso kua txiv thiab poob lawv cov saj. Txhua lub sijhawm no lawv yuav tsum nyob ntawm lub txee qis tshaj, tab sis tsis muaj dab tsi yuav tsum tau muab tso rau saum.
Yog tias koj npaj yuav khov cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, tom qab ntawd lawv yuav tsum tau ntxuav, muab tso rau hauv cov thawv yas, nchuav nrog cov piam thaj, npog nrog zaj duab xis thiab xa mus rau lub tub yees.
Koj tuaj yeem ua qhov txawv me ntsis - ua ntej khov lawv ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm kom txhua yam tshwm sim sib npaug, thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd xa lawv mus rau ntim khoom. Hauv daim ntawv no, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tuaj yeem khaws cia txog li ib xyoos, thaum lawv tsis tuaj yeem khov ntau dua ob zaug.
Txhawm rau khaws cia ntev ntawm cov txiv ntoo, koj tuaj yeem ua jam los ntawm lawv, ob qho tib si nyoos thiab hau. Cov kua txiv raws li lawv tsis muaj neeg nyiam dua.
Yuav ua li cas khaws cov khoom ci
Rau qhov no, yuav tsum tau ntim lub khob cij tshwj xeeb. Nws tuaj yeem yog ntoo, hlau lossis yas. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom nws kaw txhua lub sijhawm thiab so thiab qhuav tas li. Cov cuab yeej no tso cai rau koj kom zam kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khob cij los ntawm cov nas, yog tias muaj nyob hauv tsev, thiab ua kom tawv thaum ntxov. Los ntawm kev xaiv txoj hauv kev no, pob yuav tsis xav tau ntxiv lawm. Lub khob cij tuaj yeem muab tso rau ntawm lub rooj lossis dai ntawm phab ntsa. Nrog nws txoj kev pab, cov khoom no tuaj yeem noj tau 2-4 hnub.
Yog tias koj xav tau nce lub txee lub neej ntawm cov khoom, tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv lub tub yees ntawm lub txee saum toj. Tom qab ntawd, nws yuav dhau los ua qhov me me, tab sis nws tseem yuav noj tau.
Lwm txoj hauv kev yog ua cov crackers, uas koj yuav tsum tau txiav cov qhob cij thiab tso rau hauv qhov cub rau ob peb teev ntawm qhov kub qis tshaj.
Yuav khaws cov zaub mov li cas - saib cov vis dis aus:
Tam sim no koj paub tias qhov khaws cia zaub mov zoo li cas, thiab cov ntaub ntawv no yuav pab ua kom tag lossis txo lawv cov khoom puas thiab, yog li ntawd, pov tseg. Tsis muaj dab tsi nyuab ntawm no, qhov tseem ceeb yog ua raws txhua cov lus qhia.
