Hauv cov xwm txheej twg yog cov nplais hlau siv rau kev ua kom tiav cov plag tsev, nws qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo, cov cai rau tso cov khoom. Cov vuas hlau yog cov khoom siv uas feem ntau tau teeb tsa hauv cov chaw tsim khoom, qhov chaw uas cov plag tsev tau tas li raug kev nyuaj siab sab nraud. Xws li txheej txheej tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov qhob screed, ua rau nws lub neej kev pab cuam ntev dua, thiab ua rau kom muaj zog tiv taus ntawm qhov chaw.
Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov vuas hlau
Cov vuas hlau feem ntau yog siv los kho cov plag tsev hauv cov tsev tsim khoom, chaw khaws khoom, tsev txhab nyiaj, chaw rau tsheb, thiab lwm yam. Tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim, cov khoom no tuaj yeem pom hauv pem teb hauv tsev.
Hauv kev tsim kho, cov vuas no tseem hu ua "topping". Tib lub sij hawm yog siv thaum nws los ntxiv dag zog rau hauv pem teb hauv chav.
Cov khoom siv los ua topping yog feem ntau cov hlau tau los ntawm txias dov. Nov yog KP lossis 08PS hom. Qee zaum cov hlau cam khwb cia tau siv rau lub hom phiaj no. Cov khoom tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv no hnyav heev thiab kim. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv yog qhov tsis tseem ceeb hauv cov chav uas muaj cov txheej txheem cua sov, pov tseg lossis vuam siv. Cam khwb cia hlau zoo kawg nkaus tiv taus cua sov thiab tshuaj lom neeg. Qee zaum cov vuas hlau cam khwb cia tau siv thaum kho cov kev taug kev hauv cov nroog ib puag ncig. Nws zoo nkauj thiab txawv txawv. Topping muaj ntau qhov zoo:
- Tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias qis, nrog rau qhov kub heev.
- Kev pab lub neej ntev Yog tias koj ua raws txhua cov lus pom zoo rau kev siv, tom qab ntawv cov vuas hlau tuaj yeem nyob ntev txog 45 xyoos yam tsis tas yuav hloov lossis kho.
- Tsis muaj plua plav hauv chav uas cov vuas tau tso. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv qee hom kev tsim khoom thiab thaum khaws ntau cov khoom thiab cov khoom.
- Yooj yim thiab nrawm ntawm kev teeb tsa. Tsis tas yuav xav tau cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb ntxiv lossis cov kws tshaj lij rau kev teeb tsa cov khoom zoo li no. Hauv lub sijhawm luv luv, nws muaj peev xwm npog thaj tsam loj nrog topping.
- Zoo nkauj tsos. Cov nplais hlau niaj hnub tuaj yeem muaj qhov tsim tsim uas yuav kho kom zoo nkauj txawm tias qhov chaw nyob zoo nkauj nyob hauv qhov tsim nyog.
Ntawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov ua tiav cov khoom siv hauv tsev, nws tsim nyog sau cia qhov txwv ntawm nws siv hauv chav nrog cov av noo siab. Txawm hais tias tsis ntev los no, cov vuas luaj tshiab tau tshwm sim uas tsis ntshai kev xeb. Ib qho ntxiv, muaj ib hom cais ntawm cov nplais hlau, uas muaj cov plooj (porcelain) pob zeb ua ib txheej. Cov khoom siv no suav nrog lub zog ntawm cov hlau thiab qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov plooj (porcelain) pob zeb. Nws yog siv tshwj xeeb hauv cov xwm txheej hauv tsev rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj.
Nta ntawm kev siv cov vuas hlau
Kev siv cov nplais zoo li no rau sab hauv pem teb hauv thaj chaw nyob tau pib tsis ntev los no. Thaum pib, nws qhov kev siv tau txwv rau cov tsev tsim khoom. Tam sim no hauv kev tsim cov khw muag khoom, koj tuaj yeem khaws cov khoom uas yuav txaus siab rau txhua qhov xav tau.
Cov vuas hlau rau cov tsev tsim khoom
Topping yog qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws rau cov tsev uas:
- kev ua haujlwm yog ua tiav nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov kub siab tshaj plaws (cov khoom ua haujlwm, kub dov, kev ua haujlwm hlau uas cuam tshuam nrog cov tshuaj corrosive, thiab lwm yam);
- cov cuab yeej hnyav nkag mus thiab tawm mus tas li (tsheb laij teb, tsheb thauj khoom, tsheb thauj khoom, thiab lwm yam);
- kev thauj mus los thiab txav khoom yog nqa los ntawm kev rub;
- kev kho cov tshuab thiab lwm yam khoom siv tau ua tiav.
Txhua cov vuas hlau hauv pem teb sib txawv hauv qhov tuab thiab ua tau zoo. Yog tias koj npaj yuav ua kom zoo nkauj hauv chav nrog lub nra hnyav sab nraud (txav cov cuab yeej hnyav, khaws cov khoom lag luam nrog huab hwm coj loj, thiab lwm yam), koj yuav tsum siv cov khoom tuab. Rau lub tsev rau khoom, tsev txhab nyiaj, chav tso dej lossis ncua ntawm thaj chaw, xaiv cov nplais ntawm cov tuab tuab.
Cov lus pom yooj yim thaum xaiv topping tuab:
- Txog kev ua tiav cov chaw khaws khoom ntawm lub teeb thiab kev lag luam khoom noj khoom haus, cov tsev kawm ntawv, kev cob qhia thiab kho cov kev pabcuam, koj yuav tsum xaiv cov khoom lag luam nrog tuab 1 hli thiab qhov hnyav ntawm ib qho qauv 0.75 kg.
- Rau cov khw ntawm cov khoom siv sib dhos ua ke, cov chaw khaws khoom uas muaj ntau tuj cov khoom lag luam khaws cia, chav rhaub dej kub thiab cov khw muag khoom siv, cov vuas nrog qhov hnyav ntawm 0.9 kg thiab tuab ntawm 1.2 hli yog npaj.
- Txog kev tsim cov hlau, kev cob qhia ua haujlwm hnyav, thaum siv tsheb taug qab, hauv kev tsim, muab qhov nyiam rau cov khoom uas muaj tuab li 1.5 hli thiab qhov hnyav ntawm 1, 12 kg.
- Rau kev teeb tsa tub rog thiab chaw tsim khoom hauv dav hlau, cov vuas nrog tuab ntawm 1, 8 mm thiab qhov hnyav ntawm 1, 35 kg yog qhov tsim nyog.
Hauv cov khw muag khoom tshwj xeeb, koj tuaj yeem pom cov vuas hlau tawg nrog lub thickness ntawm 2.5 hli. Nws yog qhov tshwj xeeb los ntawm kev hnav tsis kam thiab lub neej ua haujlwm ntev heev.
Kev siv cov vuas hlau rau qhov chaw nyob
Hauv peb lub sijhawm, cov neeg tsim qauv tau nce siv cov khoom tiav no los tsim cov flooring hauv tsev thiab chav tsev. Cov yam ntxwv zoo thiab pom ntawm cov nplais hlau tso cai rau nws siv ntau yam ntawm cov qauv niaj hnub no. Raws li txoj cai, lub hauv paus ntawm cov khoom no yog cov plooj (porcelain) pob zeb. Los ntawm qhov saum toj no nws tau npog nrog daim hlau nyias nyias ntawm cov hlau tsis huv (tsawg dua nrog lwm cov hlau thiab cov phom sij).
Cov ntaub ntawv no tau siv hauv lub neej txhua hnub rau lub hom phiaj hauv qab no:
- Rau kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm chav dej hauv chav dej. Qhov kev txiav txim siab no suav hais tias muaj teeb meem heev, thiab nws muaj ntau tus neeg tawm tsam. Qhov no yog vim qhov nyiam ntawm cov hlau ua xeb thaum raug cov dej noo. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj xaiv nws kom raug, xyuas kom muaj qhov cua nkag tau zoo thiab saib xyuas, qhov chaw yuav nyob zoo nyob ntev.
- Rau cov thev naus laus zis siab, kos duab kos duab, loft lossis kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv. Cov vuas hlau uas muaj xim zoo saib zoo nyob hauv chav tsev siab. Rau lub loft, cov yas uas muaj hnub nyoog zoo tsim nyog, thiab rau cov qauv qub - hlau nrog patina.
Tsis ntev los no, ib txoj hauv kev kho kom zoo nkauj chav uas siv ua ke ntawm cov pob zeb ntuj thiab cov vuas hlau tau txais cov neeg thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Qhov no muaj tseeb rau cov chav nrog lub qhov cub, txoj kev hauv tsev loj. Hauv qhov no, nws yog qhov zoo dua los koom nrog tus kws tshaj lij tsim qauv uas yuav xaiv qhov kev pom zoo ua ke.
Kev teeb tsa thev naus laus zis rau cov vuas hlau hauv pem teb
Txhawm rau kom tau cov ntaub pua tsev ruaj khov, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua raws tsis yog cov cai rau kev txhim kho cov vuas hlau, tab sis kuj tseem ua tiav kev npaj ua haujlwm nrog qhov ua tau zoo. Feem ntau, cov txheej txheem rau kev tso topping rau hauv pem teb tsis txawv ntau los ntawm kev siv cov vuas.
Kev npaj ua haujlwm ua ntej txhim kho cov vuas hlau
Cov vuas hlau yuav tsum tau muab tso rau ntawm cov cement lossis hauv pem teb. Yog tias lub tiaj tiaj tiaj tau npaj txhij lawm, tom qab ntawd nws tsuas yog yuav tsum tau ntxuav cov khib nyiab thiab hmoov av sau nrog lub tshuab nqus tsev siv. Yog tias lub hauv paus tsis zoo thiab zoo ib yam, tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum tau sau ib qho tshiab.
Peb ua nws raws li cov phiaj xwm hauv qab no:
- Peb muab cov beacons sab hauv. Koj yuav raug coj los ntawm lawv thaum tso cov vuas. Cov raj hlau, kab teeb, kab txaij, cov ces kaum, thiab lwm yam tuaj yeem siv ua cov cim.
- Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub beacons yuav tsum sib npaug li peb txog plaub vuas.
- Peb ua raws cov beacons siv qib laser lossis qib hydro.
- Ncuav pob zeb qhob cib nruab nrab ntawm thaj chaw. Peb tawm qhov tshwm sim saum ob teev.
- Peb tshem cov beacons, thiab sau qhov tshwm sim nrog kev daws teeb meem.
Nco tseg! Nws tsis yooj yim sua kom tos kom ua tiav ntawm qhov chaw. Peb tawm ntawm lub hauv paus pob zeb kom qhuav tsuas yog me ntsis, tom qab ntawd mus rau txheej cov vuas hlau.
Cov lus qhia rau tso cov vuas hlau
Lub peculiarity ntawm kev teeb tsa ntawm cov khoom siv tiav no yog tias nws yuav tsum tau muab tso rau ntawm cov tshuaj uas tsis tau kho. Koj tsis tas yuav siv lwm cov nplaum.
Peb ua tiav kev tso cov vuas hlau hauv qhov kev txiav txim hauv qab no:
- Peb pib teeb tsa los ntawm cov ces kaum ntawm chav.
- Peb nias lub pobzeb rau hauv cov pob zeb kom txog thaum nws nyob saum. Kom tau txais qhov txiaj ntsig no, peb kais nrog rauj rau ntawm ntug ntawm cov khoom.
- Tsis txhob ntaus nruab nrab ntawm tus qauv thaum tso nws. Qhov saum npoo tuaj yeem deform thiab khoov, ua rau muaj qhov khawb hauv av.
- Tshem tawm cov tshuaj khib nyiab ntau nrog spatula.
- Thaum tag nrho cov vuas tau muab tso, tshem tawm cov seem ntawm cov pob zeb los ntawm saum npoo thiab yaug nws nrog ntaub ntub.
- Peb tawm qhov tshwm sim kom txog thaum cov qhob screed qhuav tag.
- Thaum kawg, peb ua qhov kev ntxuav zaum kawg thiab ntxuav cov vuas hlau.
Qee zaum cov khoom siv tau tso rau ntawm qhov chaw ua tiav tiav. Hauv qhov no, ua ntej pib teeb tsa, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau muab cov hlau ntxaij nrog cov cell loj, piv txwv li, 100x100 mm, ntawm lub hauv paus. Txhawm rau tuav nws, nws yuav tsum tau tsau rau hauv pem teb nrog kev tsim kho dowels. Tom qab ntawd peb sau cov cug cib tshiab nrog cov tuab txog 60 hli thiab peb ua cov txheej txheem ntawm cov vuas hlau. Kev siv lub mesh yuav tso cai rau koj kom tau txais txoj kev ua kom zoo ntawm cov txheej qub thiab txheej tshiab. Yog tias koj xav ua hauv pem teb los ntawm cov hlau cam khwb cia hauv tsev, tom qab ntawd nws yuav muaj txiaj ntsig kom paub tias kev teeb tsa cov khoom siv tau ua tiav raws li cov phiaj xwm uas tau siv rau topping ua los ntawm cov hlau hlau. Rau qhov no, siv cov cement mortar. Thaum siv cov hlau cam khwb cia sab nraum zoov (terraces, paths), cov khoom hnyav no tuaj yeem tso rau hauv txoj kev yooj yim thiab tsim nyog dua - ntawm cov xuab zeb. Hauv qhov no, cov tshuaj cement yog siv rau kev teeb tsa ntawm cov khoom sab yog tias lawv nyob ib sab ntawm phab ntsa. Cov khoom seem, nyob hauv nruab nrab, raug tsau rau cov xuab zeb. Txhawm rau kom tau qhov tawv nqaij tom qab ua haujlwm, koj yuav tsum taug kev hla cov vuas nrog cov menyuam lossis tshuab tamping.
Grouting hlau vuas
Rau kev sib tsoo grouting ntawm cov vuas hlau, siv tib yam sib xyaw ua haujlwm nrog cov khoom siv ceramic. Qhov tseem ceeb yog xaiv qhov ntxoov ntxoo tsim nyog uas yuav sib haum ua ke nrog cov hlau. Cov lus qhia grouting:
- Peb dilute cov hmoov sib tov raws li cov lus qhia ntawm pob.
- Siv cov roj hmab trowel, sau rau hauv cov nqaws los ntawm nias cov khoom sab hauv.
- Peb sau cov nyiaj seem los ntawm kev siv lub cuab yeej sib dhos rau ntawm lub seam.
- Siv cov ntug ntawm tus trowel sib npaug los ua kom nws zoo li lub ntsej muag. Qhov no yuav tsum tau ua tom qab qhov sib tov qhuav.
- Ntxuav cov seem ntawm cov hmoov qhuav qhuav nrog ib daim ntaub ntub dej hauv dej sov.
Yuav ua li cas thiaj ua rau hauv pem teb los ntawm cov vuas hlau - saib cov vis dis aus:
[media = https://www.youtube.com/watch? v = yGdljHikf2Q] Cov vuas hlau hauv pem teb yuav nyob tau ntau xyoo nrog kev saib xyuas kom raug. Nws yuav tsis tawg lossis poob nws qhov tsos. Qhov loj tshaj yog xaiv cov khoom raug thiab teeb tsa nws raws li cov thev naus laus zis.
