Cov tshuaj hormones tswj hwm txhua cov txheej txheem hauv tib neeg lub cev. Txhawm rau tsim, koj yuav tsum paub tias cov tshuaj hormones twg yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov leeg thiab cov twg ua rau catabolism. Niaj hnub no peb yuav tham txog kev faib cov tshuaj hormones thiab lawv cov synthesis hauv kev tsim lub cev. Txhua yam tshuaj hormones paub rau cov kws tshawb fawb tuaj yeem faib ua peb pawg:
- Steroid.
- Amines.
- Peptide (protein).
Tam sim no peb yuav tham txog txhua pab pawg no kom ntxaws.
Cov tshuaj hormones steroid
Txhua yam tshuaj los ntawm pab pawg no tau los ntawm cov roj (cholesterol). Cov no suav nrog txhua yam kev sib deev, glucorticosteroids thiab mineralocorticoids. Hauv tus txiv neej lub cev, cov tshuaj sib deev tseem ceeb yog testosterone, thiab hauv poj niam, tsev neeg estrogen. Nws tseem yuav tsum tau hais tias cov tshuaj muaj zog tshaj plaws yog estradiol. Ntawm corticosteroids, cortisol yog zais, thiab aldosterone yog tus sawv cev tseem ceeb ntawm mineralocorticoids.
Txij li tag nrho cov tshuaj no muaj ib qho ua ntej, cov txheej txheem enzymatic biosynthesis tseem siv rau lawv cov khoom. Ib qho ntxiv, vim yog qhov sib txawv uas twb muaj lawm hauv chav kawm ntawm kev sib xyaw no, uas tau hais tseg nruj me ntsis, qee qhov me me ntawm lwm cov tshuaj hormones kuj tau tsim. Piv txwv li, cov noob qes zais feem ntau yog testosterone, tab sis dhau ntawm nws, qhov me me ntawm cortisol tau tsim.
Tus nqi ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm cov tshuaj steroid tau txiav txim siab los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov enzymes koom nrog hauv nws, suav nrog cov catalyst. Hais txog cov roj (cholesterol), qhov tseem ceeb tshaj txwv yog qhov hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom no rau cev xeeb tub. Cov qog uas zais cov tshuaj steroid tsis tuaj yeem khaws cia. Yog li, tam sim ntawd tom qab tsim khoom, cov tshuaj steroid nkag mus rau hauv cov ntshav.
Cov tshuaj hormones peptide
Peptide hormones yog cov amino acid saw. Yog tias cov saw no tsis muaj ntau dua 20 cov amino acid sib txuas, tom qab ntawd cov tshuaj hormones hu ua peptide. Txwv tsis pub, lawv yuav tsum tau muab cais ua cov protein. Peptide cov tshuaj hormones suav nrog, piv txwv li, somatostantin, thiab cov tshuaj hormones protein - insulin thiab somatotropin. Qee yam ntawm cov tshuaj no tuaj yeem muaj nyob hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov saw sib cais, thaum lwm tus, nyob rau hauv lem, muaj disulfide bonds thiab muaj cov qauv yooj yim dua. Nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias qee qhov ntawm cov tshuaj hormones tuaj yeem tsim cov qauv uas ua ke ntau yam tshuaj.
Zoo li txhua lwm cov protein sib txuas, peptide cov tshuaj hormones yog tsim los ntawm cov qog endocrine. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, cov khoom tshwj xeeb hu ua prehormone tau muab coj los ua ke, uas tom qab ntawd hloov pauv mus rau qhov hormone nws tus kheej.
Amino acids
Amines tau tsim los ntawm cov amino acid sib xyaw tyrosine thiab tuaj yeem suav nrog hauv ib ntawm ob pawg: cov thyroid hormones lossis catecholamines. Thawj yuav tsum suav nrog cov tshuaj hormones tsim los ntawm cov qog ua qog - thyroxine thiab triiodothyronine. Qhov thib ob suav nrog adrenaline thiab norepinephrine. Txawm hais tias tus qauv ua ntej rau cov tshuaj no yog ib qho, muaj qhov sib txawv loj ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm pab pawg no.
Tus nqi ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov thyroid cov tshuaj nyob ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm cov thyroid caj pas kom haus cov ntxhia iodide thiab tyrosine. Cov khoom tom kawg yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb rau kev sib txuas ntawm thyroglobulin, uas yog glycoprotein loj. Nws muaj peev xwm los sib sau ua ke hauv cov cell ntawm cov thyroid caj pas hauv qhov ntau. Raws li iodide tau nqus, cov khoom no sib xyaw ua ke nrog thyroglobulin thiab, vim li ntawd, ib qho ntawm cov thyroid cov tshuaj hormones tau ua ke.
Txawm hais tias catecholamines kuj tseem tsim los ntawm tyrosine, cov txheej txheem no tshwm sim hauv cov hlwb ntawm cov qog adrenal, uas yog nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub cev no. Cov txheej txheem no muaj ob peb theem thiab yog qhov nyuaj heev. Nco ntsoov tias epinephrine thiab norepinephrine tuaj yeem sib sau hauv cov qog adrenal thiab nkag mus rau hauv cov ntshav raws li xav tau.
Kawm paub ntau ntxiv txog cov tshuaj hormones thiab lawv lub luag haujlwm hauv peb lub cev hauv daim vis dis aus no:
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