Kev siv cov silicates rau rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cov hauv paus, nws cov yam ntxwv, qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo, kev ntxuav qhov chaw thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm nws ua. Kev tiv thaiv lub hauv paus nrog cov iav ua kua yog ib txoj hauv kev los tiv thaiv lub tsev los ntawm dej nyab thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm nws qhov av hauv av los ntawm cov dej hauv av. Peb yuav qhia koj txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm hom haujlwm no thiab thev naus laus zis ntawm lawv cov khoom lag luam hauv peb cov khoom siv niaj hnub no.
Nta ntawm lub hauv paus rwb thaiv tsev nrog kua iav
Sodium thiab potassium silicates hu ua kua iav. Rau kev ua tiav, nws los raws li kev daws alkaline ntawm cov xim grey-daj thiab tuab sib xws. Cov kua iav yog tsim los ntawm cov pob silicate uas tau tsim thaum lub sij hawm sintering ntawm cov xuab zeb, dej qab zib, ntsev daws thiab hloov kho. Cov khoom siv tau coj mus rau lub xeev ua kua hauv lub autoclave los ntawm kev ua noj hauv qab siab.
Ntxiv nrog rau kev tiv thaiv dej, kua iav zaj duab xis tau thov rau saum npoo ntawm lub hauv paus tuaj yeem tiv thaiv nws los ntawm hluav taws, fungus thiab tshuaj lom neeg. Vim tias lawv muaj pes tsawg leeg, silicates, thaum khov kho, tsim cov txheej txheej monolithic ntawm cov me me muaju uas ua kom tag nrho cov kab nrib pleb thiab qhov hws ntawm lub hauv paus txheej, tiv thaiv kev nkag mus ntawm qhov tsis zoo cuam tshuam los ntawm cov av thiab ib puag ncig rau nws.
Ob hom iav kua sib txawv ntawm ib leeg hauv lawv cov khoom thiab daim ntawv thov. Sodium silicate, los yog iav dej qab zib, muaj cov nplaum zoo dua, yog li nws tuaj yeem tiv nrog ntau cov zaub mov yooj yim dua. Cov cuab yeej no ua rau cov khoom siv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tiv thaiv dej thiab txhawb cov hauv paus ruaj khov.
Cov iav poov tshuaj tiv taus oxidation thiab huab cua zoo dua. Tsis zoo li sodium silicate, tom qab tawv, nws tsis tsim qhov ci, yog li nws tau siv dav hauv kev tsim cov xim thiab cov kua roj vanish.
Thaum ua haujlwm nrog sodium lossis potassium kua iav, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account qee qhov nuances:
- Nws tsis pom zoo kom npog cov cib ua cov iav ua kua, txij li cov khoom ntawm cov khoom tiv thaiv dej muaj cov tshuaj uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau nws.
- Thaum ua haujlwm nrog kev daws teeb meem, uas muaj cov iav ua kua, nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account siab npaum li cas ntawm polymerization ntawm qhov sib xyaw. Yog li ntawd, nws yuav tsum tau siv rau lub hauv paus nrog txheej txheej nyias nyias kom nws tuaj yeem muaj sijhawm rau qib thiab tshem tawm cov khoom siv ntau dhau.
- Hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev npaj cov dej tsis sib xyaw nrog cov iav ua kua rau lub hauv paus, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua nruj me ntsis soj ntsuam qhov sib piv ntawm nws cov khoom, uas tau teev tseg los ntawm cov lus qhia. Kev ua txhaum txoj cai no tuaj yeem ua rau tsis muaj txiaj ntsig ua haujlwm.
- Thaum xaiv cov iav ua kua, ib tus yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account thaj chaw ntawm nws daim ntawv thov yav tom ntej: sodium silicate muaj cov nplaum zoo rau cov zaub mov, thiab cov iav potassium yog qhov zoo rau siv hauv ib puag ncig acidic.
- Thaum yuav khoom siv cov khoom lag luam zoo, nws yuav tsum tsis txhob suav nrog cov khoom txawv teb chaws thiab cov pob, nws qhov ntom ntom ntom yuav tsum sib haum rau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm daim ntawv hla tebchaws.
Silicate foundation waterproofing tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv peb txoj hauv kev:
- Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm txheej txheej rwb thaiv tsev, uas tau ua yog tias txheej txheej tiv thaiv sab saud ntawm lwm cov khoom siv, piv txwv li, cov khoom siv vov tsev, tau muab rau lub hauv paus. Hauv qhov no, nws tau npog nrog ob txheej iav nrog txhuam lossis cov menyuam.
- Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub hauv paus, uas yog tsim los ntawm kev sib tov daws nrog dej iav. Qhov sib xyaw ua kom tawv tawv nrawm, yog li nws yuav tsum tau muab tso tam sim tom qab npaj. Txoj hauv kev no yog qhov zoo rau kev tshem tawm cov dej xau lossis kaw qhov khoob ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub hauv paus prefabricated.
- Raws li cov khoom tseem ceeb rau casting rau hauv formwork. Ntawm no, silicate tsuas yog ntxiv rau hauv cov pob zeb sib xyaw. Tom qab tawv, cov hauv paus no tsim cov monolith nrog cov yam ntxwv tiv thaiv zoo heev.
Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov iav rwb thaiv tsev
Cov khoom siv no, ua haujlwm tiv thaiv dej, muaj peev xwm rov kho qhov chaw puas ntawm lub hauv paus txheej.
Ib qho ntxiv, thaum xaiv thiab siv cov rwb thaiv tsev ua kua, txheej txheej tuaj yeem tau txais uas muaj qhov zoo hauv qab no:
- Yooj yim ntawm kev thov ntawm kab rov tav thiab ntsug;
- Zoo heev adhesion;
- Tsis muaj pa luam yeeb txaus ntshai;
- Siab ceev;
- Cov khoom siv qis thiab tus nqi tsim nyog.
Qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev tiv thaiv lub hauv paus nrog cov sib xyaw silicate suav nrog qhov ua tau zoo ntawm txheej rau cov khoom siv puas tsuaj thiab qhov ua kom siab ntau dhau ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ua tiav. Yog li, hauv thawj kis, kev tiv thaiv sab nrauv ntawm lub hauv paus nrog cov ntaub ntawv yob yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua, thiab hauv qhov thib ob, qee qhov txuj ci hauv kev ua haujlwm rwb thaiv tsev.
Kev npaj ua haujlwm
Silicate waterproofing xav tau kev saib xyuas thiab yog li ntawd tsis tuaj yeem lees txais yam tsis tau npaj ua ntej.
Ua ntej, koj yuav tsum tau ntxuav cov pob zeb los ntawm cov av, thaj chaw exfoliated thiab hmoov av. Yog tias muaj pwm nyob hauv lub hauv paus, nws yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm, thiab tom qab ntawd qhov chaw huv yuav tsum tau kho nrog tshuaj tua kab mob. Roj thiab xeb xeb yuav tsum tau muab ntxuav. Rau kev ua haujlwm, koj tuaj yeem siv lub tshuab zom thiab tshuaj.
Kev ntxuav kom zoo dua tuaj yeem ua tiav siv lub tshuab xuab zeb. Nws tso cai rau koj nthuav tawm qhov hws ntawm cov pob zeb ua tiav, yog li ua kom yooj yim nkag mus ntawm tus neeg saib xyuas kev tiv thaiv dej hauv lawv. Tom qab xuab zeb blasting, nws raug nquahu kom so lub hauv paus nrog 10% daws ntawm hydrogen chloride kom tshem tawm cov khoom tsis huv ntawm cov khoom siv txhuam.
Yog tias lub hauv paus muaj qhov tawg me me, lawv yuav tsum tau txiav mus rau qhov dav txog 20 hli, qhov tob txog 25 hli, thiab tom qab ntawd tau ntim nrog cov sib xyaw ntawm silicate thiab mortar, muab rau hauv 1: 1 piv. Ua ntej thov kev rwb thaiv tsev, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los xyuas kom muaj kev tiv thaiv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab ua kom ntub dej ntawm lub hauv paus.
Foundation waterproofing technology nrog kua iav
Raws li tau hais los saum no, kev tiv thaiv dej ntawm lub hauv paus nrog cov iav ua kua tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv peb txoj hauv kev: los ntawm txheej hauv qab txheej txheej, nkag mus tob tob rau ntawm cov cement thiab qhia txog silicates ncaj qha rau hauv cov pob zeb ua ntej tso nws. Cia peb xav txog txhua tus ntawm lawv kom ntxaws.
Lubricated rwb thaiv tsev
Txoj kev no yog siv rau hauv rooj plaub thaum nws tsis tuaj yeem pleev xim rau lub hauv paus nrog bitumen mastic. Piv txwv li, thaum txhim kho txheej txheej polymer, yog tias nws tiv tauj nrog cov khoom lag luam ntawm cov roj av distillation yog qhov tsis xav tau.
Silicate hauv nws lub xeev dawb huv tsis ua cov khoom tiv thaiv, tab sis thaum nws cuam tshuam nrog cov pob zeb ua ke, cov nplais tau tsim, uas, poob rau hauv qhov hws ntawm cov qauv, ua rau nws tsis muaj dej. Hauv qhov no, 2-3 txheej ntawm cov iav ua kua nrog tuab ntawm 2-3 hli yog txaus.
Rwb thaiv tsev yuav tsum tau ua tiav tom qab ntxuav lub hauv paus thaum npaj ua haujlwm. Cov kua iav yuav tsum tau siv rau saum npoo ntawm cov qauv nrog txhuam dav lossis pleev xim rau cov menyuam. Thaum siv cov khoom siv ntau txheej, nws yuav tsum tau tos kom txog thaum txhua txheej tau qhuav tag.
Tom qab lub hauv paus tau kho nrog silicate, qhov chaw qhuav ntawm cov qauv yuav tsum tau muab lo nrog cov yob ntawm cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev.
Tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv
Nws tau siv los tshem tawm cov dej xau sai sai ntawm cov pob qij txha ntawm cov hauv paus tsim ua ntej lossis thaum muaj los ntawm kev tawg. Ua ntej kev kho mob nrog cov tshuaj nkag mus, thaj chaw muaj teeb meem ntawm cov qauv yuav tsum tau muab ntxuav kom huv ntawm cov av thiab txiav mus rau qhov tob ntawm cov pob zeb ua tau zoo. Kev hla ntu ntawm kev tawg thiab nqaws tom qab lawv ua haujlwm yuav tsum muaj U-puab.
Txhawm rau npaj kho cov tshuaj sib tov sib xyaw, koj yuav xav tau cov cement, iav iav, dej tshiab. Ua ntej, cov iav ua kua yuav tsum tau diluted nrog dej hauv qhov sib piv ntawm 1:10. Qhov kev daws teeb meem yuav tsum maj mam nchuav rau hauv lub khob ntim nrog cov cement, thiab tom qab ntawd sib xyaw kom txog thaum tau txais cov yas loj.
Kev sib xyaw ntau dua yog qhov tsis tuaj yeem lees txais, vim nws yuav ua rau tawg ntawm cov nyiaj ntawm kev tsim ua ntej siv lead ua, uas yuav ua rau poob ntawm qhov sib xyaw ntawm nws cov khoom tiv thaiv. Nws yuav tsum tau npaj ua ntu me me, vim tias qhov hnyav ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg yog siab txaus.
Nws yog qhov yooj yim los siv spatula los sau cov pob qij txha thiab cov kab nrib pleb hauv lub hauv paus nrog kev nkag mus sib xyaw silicate. Cov pob qij txha tuaj yeem ntub me ntsis ua ntej sib khi txhawm rau txhawm rau ua kom khov. Tom qab ua tiav txoj haujlwm, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau tshem cov khoom siv ntau dhau lossis qib nws hla saum npoo. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg yuav tau txais lub zog zaum kawg tom qab ua kom qhuav tag.
Hloov kho pob zeb
Kev qhia txog silicates rau hauv cov khoom sib xyaw npaj rau nchuav rau hauv daim ntawv ua haujlwm thaum tsim lub hauv paus monolithic ua rau cov dej tsis kam ntawm tag nrho cov qauv. Lawv cov khoom tiv thaiv dej tsis zoo cuam tshuam rau nws tag nrho cov kab. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv qhov no, cov pob zeb ib nrab poob nws lub zog, dhau los ua qhov tsis yooj yim. Txhawm rau kom txo qis qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo ntawm kev qhia ua kua iav rau hauv kev sib xyaw ua haujlwm, lub hauv paus yuav tsum tau ntxiv nrog kev txhawb ntxiv thiab cov xuab zeb hauv ncoo ntawm nws lub hauv paus yuav tsum tau ua ob zaug kom tuab.
Raws li qhov hnyav thiab tiv thaiv dej ntxiv, silicates yuav tsum tsuas yog siv rau pob zeb M300 lossis M400. Tus nqi ntawm silicates hauv qhov sib tov yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau dua 10% ntawm nws qhov hnyav tag nrho, qhov zoo tshaj plaws - 7%, uas yog, li ntawm 70 litres kua iav ib 1 m3 qhob.
Lub sijhawm teeb tsa nyob ntawm qhov feem pua ntawm cov insulator hauv qhov sib xyaw:
- Nrog tus nqi kua iav ntawm 2%, kev ua kom tawv tawv yuav pib hauv 45 feeb, thiab yuav xaus rau hauv 24 teev.
- Raws li, ntawm 5%, lub sijhawm ntsuas yuav yog: 25-30 feeb. thiab 12-14 teev.
- Nrog 7-8% cov ntsiab lus silicate, cov pob zeb yuav teeb tsa hauv 10 feeb, thiab ua kom tawv tawv tag nrho hauv 8 teev.
Cov cua kub nrog cov ntsuas no yuav tsum yog + 16-20 degrees. Nws yuav siv sij hawm 28 hnub kom ua tiav lub zog kawg ntawm cov pob zeb zoo li no.
Rau qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov sib xyaw ua ke, cov cement, cov xuab zeb thiab cov pob zeb tawg yuav tsum tau muab coj los ua ib txwm piv - 1: 3: 3. Vim qhov tseeb tias qhov nrawm ntawm nws qhov chaw nce nrawm dua thaum hloov kho nrog cov iav ua kua, cov ntawv ua haujlwm rau lub hauv paus thiab txhim kho cov tawb hauv nws yuav tsum tau npaj ua ntej.
Txhawm rau tsim cov pob zeb hloov kho, koj thawj zaug yuav tsum tau dilute cov kua iav nrog dej huv thiab maj mam ntxiv cov txiaj ntsig daws rau cov cement-sand sib tov. Tom qab sib xyaw cov khoom sib xyaw hauv cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke, ntxiv cov pob zeb tawg los yog nthuav av nplaum rau nws, sib tov dua thiab nchuav cov qhob rau hauv daim ntawv.
Tam sim ntawd tom qab nchuav lub hauv paus, nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua kom nws cov nplaim kab rov tav thiab tso nws mus txog thaum kawg ua kom tawv ntawm cov pob zeb. Tsis zoo li tso ib txwm tso, nws tsis pom zoo kom ua kom sib tov sib xyaw hauv cov formwork nrog lub vibrator tob. Qhov no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov crystallization ntawm silicate hauv pob zeb ua ke, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj hauv cov dej tsis zoo ntawm cov qauv.
Tom qab tau txais lub zog, nws raug nquahu kom insulate lub hauv paus nrog polystyrene lossis cov pob zeb hauv av. Xws li txheej txheej, ntxiv rau nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb, yuav pab faib cov khoom sib npaug ntawm cov phab ntsa hauv paus los ntawm cov av thiab tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm kev puas tsuaj thaum rov thawb lub trench.
Yuav ua li cas txheej txheem lub hauv paus nrog iav kua - saib cov vis dis aus:
Kev kho cov dej tsis sib haum nrog cov iav ua kua lossis ntxiv cov silicates rau hauv cov pob zeb sib xyaw thaum lub sijhawm nws tsim kho tau zoo thiab muaj txoj hauv kev los tiv thaiv cov qauv hauv av los ntawm dej hauv av. Siv cov thev naus laus zis piav qhia, nws muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv tsis tau tsuas yog lub hauv paus, tab sis kuj hauv qab daus, qhov dej, pas dej da dej, ntxiv rau ntau lwm yam txheej txheem.
