Nta, tus nqi noj haus thiab tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov mis nyuj. Cov txiaj ntsig thiab raug mob thaum siv. Cov zaub mov txawv thiab daim ntawv thov ua noj.
Yaj mis nyuj yog cov kua ua kua uas tsim los ntawm cov qog qog ntawm cov yaj, tus poj niam yaj, rau pub menyuam yaj. Kev pub niam mis tseem txuas ntxiv, txawm hais tias tus tsiaj tau tsim mis nyuj, tab sis tsis pub ntev tshaj 6 lub hlis. Cov xim ntawm cov khoom yog xim dawb lossis xim daj, cov qauv yog homogeneous, saj ntawm yaj cov mis yog cov lus qab zib, saj yog nyob ntawm hom khoom noj. Cov khoom lag luam nrov nyob hauv Caucasus, Central Asia, Ltalis, Greece thiab Middle East. Tag nrho cov mis nyuj yuav luag tsis tau siv, txawm tias nws cov zom tau zoo, vim nws tsis hnov ntxhiab tsw heev. Tab sis ntawm qhov tod tes, ntau cov khoom lag luam tau tsim los ntawm nws - cheese thiab dej qab zib lactic.
Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov ntsiab lus calorie ntawm yaj mis nyuj
Cov zaub mov muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm cov khoom lag luam siab, vim tias nws tsis pom zoo kom qhia nws rau hauv kev noj haus ntawm cov neeg uas poob phaus.
Cov ntsiab lus calories ntawm cov mis nyuj yaj yog 111 kcal rau 100 g, ntawm qhov uas:
- Cov protein - 5.6 g;
- Rog - 7.7 g;
- Cov carbohydrates - 4.8 g;
- Tshauv - 0.9 g;
- Dej - 80.8 g.
Cov vitamins rau 100 g:
- Vitamin A - 50 mcg;
- Retinol - 0.05 mg;
- Beta Carotene - 0.01 mg;
- Vitamin B1, thiamine - 0.06 mg;
- Vitamin B2, riboflavin - 0.35 mg;
- Vitamin B4, choline - 30 mg;
- Vitamin B5, pantothenic acid - 0.41 mg;
- Vitamin B9, folate - 2 mcg;
- Vitamin B12, cobalamin - 0.5 mcg;
- Vitamin C, ascorbic acid - 5 mg;
- Vitamin E, alpha tocopherol - 0.18 mg;
- Vitamin H, biotin - 8.1 mcg;
- Vitamin PP - 1.5 mg;
- Niacin - 0.35 mg
Macronutrients rau 100 g:
- Potassium, K - 198 mg;
- Calcium, Ca - 178 mg;
- Magnesium, Mg - 11 mg;
- Sodium, Na 26 mg;
- Phosphorus, P - 158 mg;
- Tshuaj, Cl - 76 mg.
Microelements rau 100 g:
- Hlau, Fe - 0.092 mg;
- Iodine, kuv - 2 μg;
- Cobalt, Co - 3 μg;
- Manganese, Mn - 0.011 mg;
- Tooj liab, Cu - 13 μg;
- Molybdenum, Mo - 8 μg;
- Selenium, Se - 13 μg;
- Strontium, Sr - 20 μg;
- Zinc, Zn - 0.22 mg.
Kev zom zaub mov carbohydrates hauv 100 g:
- Mono- thiab disaccharides (suab thaj) - 4.8 g;
- Lactose - 4.8 g.
Cov amino acids tseem ceeb ib 100 g - 2.441 g, feem ntau ntawm txhua isoleucine, leucine, lysine thiab phenylalanine + tyrosine complex.
Cov amino acids uas hloov pauv tau hauv cov mis tshis yog 3.134 g rau 100 g, aspartic acid, proline thiab serine yeej.
Cov roj (cholesterol) - 30 mg rau 100 g.
Ntawm cov fatty acids, omega -6 yog tam sim no - 0.31 g.
Cov roj fatty acids uas txaus rau 100 g - 4.6 g:
- Yog ' - 0,23 g;
- Nylon - 0.15 g;
- Caprylic - 0.15 g;
- Yog ' - 0,38 g;
- Lauric - 0.23 g;
- Myristic - 0.64 g;
- Palmitic - 1.64 g;
- Stearic - 0.97 g.
Monounsaturated fatty acids - 2.39 g rau 100 g:
- Myristoleic - 0.04 g;
- Palmitoleic - 0.11 g;
- Oleic (omega -9) - 2.23 g.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids - 0.31 g rau 100 g:
- Linoleic acid - 0.24 g;
- Arachidonic - 0.07 g.
Cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov mis nyuj yaj yog muab los ntawm cov as -ham hauv qab no:
- Riboflavin - tsis muaj nws, tawv nqaij tawg, plaub hau poob, pom kev tsis zoo, pw tsis tsaug zog zoo li, thiab muaj kev puas tsuaj ntau ntxiv hauv qhov xwm txheej.
- Choline - thaum lub cev tsis muaj cov tshuaj no, kab mob hauv lub siab tshwm sim, lub cim xeeb tsis zoo, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua me nyuam tsis zoo.
- Ascorbic acid - koom nrog txhua qhov kev cuam tshuam redox, ua rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.
- Potassium - nrog nws tsis muaj, kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlab plawv tau cuam tshuam, qaug zog tshwm sim, kev nyuaj siab tshwm sim.
- Calcium - yog tias nws tsis txaus, cov pob txha txhav, cov hniav raug rhuav tshem, atherosclerosis tsim.
- Phosphorus - thaum qhov tshwj tseg tau ploj mus, nws nyuaj rau txav, txhua qhov kev hloov pauv hauv txoj haujlwm ua rau mob, ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlab zis cuam tshuam.
- Zinc yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm daim tawv nqaij, yam tsis muaj nws, kev qaug zog tau tshwm sim thiab mob vwm.
Cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov mis nyuj yaj tau txiav txim siab los ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov tsis tseem ceeb thiab tseem ceeb amino acids, monounsaturated thiab polyunsaturated acids. Lawv txhim kho kev zom zaub mov, nce kev ua tau zoo, muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev ua haujlwm nco thiab ua kom lub zog ua kom muaj zog. Tab sis tib lub sijhawm, kev sib sau hauv lub cev ua rau rog thiab nce qib ntawm cov roj (cholesterol) phem hauv cov ntshav. Cov roj (cholesterol) plaques ua rau vasoconstriction thiab ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm mob hlab ntsha tawg, plawv nres, thiab kab mob hauv lub plawv.
Cov khoom lag luam zoo muaj pH (acidity) ntawm 6.25-6.28 units. Qhov no yog vim nws cov ntsiab lus muaj protein ntau. Yog tias qhov ntsuas tau nce, curdling tau nrawm dua - thev naus laus zis rau kev npaj cov khoom qab zib fermented yog ua txhaum. Txhawm rau txo qis acidification, cov ntsiab lus rennet tau siv.
Pab tau cov khoom ntawm yaj mis nyuj
Cov khoom hauv nws daim ntawv ntuj yog siv los kho ntau yam kab mob. Nws cov txiaj ntsig kho tau pom los ntawm cov kws kho mob ntawm Ancient East.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm mis nyuj yaj:
- Ntxiv dag zog rau cov txheej txheem pob txha, tiv thaiv kev txhim kho ntawm cov pob txha thiab kev hloov pauv-dystrophic hloov pauv musculoskeletal system.
- Txhim kho qhov mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab plaub hau, txo cov tsos mob ntawm cov kab mob dermatological ntev - eczema, psoriasis.
- Rov kho cov pob txha, tshem tawm rickets hauv menyuam yaus thiab pab tshem tawm kev mob anorexia thiab ntshav tsis txaus.
- Taw qhia txog kev noj zaub mov ntawm cov neeg mob dystrophy pab kho sai sai.
- Replenishes tseg cia ntawm cov vitamins thiab minerals.
- Nws muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob antioxidant, cais tawm cov dawb radicals taug kev hauv lub plab hnyuv, ntxuav lub siab thiab ua kom qaug cawv tom qab kho tshuaj tua kab mob thiab siv tshuaj kho mob.
- Txhim kho cov pa oxygen.
- Nws ruaj khov ua haujlwm ntawm lub hauv nruab nrab lub paj hlwb feem ntau thiab lub paj hlwb tshwj xeeb, muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev ua haujlwm nco, thiab ua kom nrawm ntawm kev coj ntawm cov hlab ntsha.
- Pab kom sai sai daws nrog insomnia, chim siab, tiv thaiv kev txhim kho ntawm kev nyuaj siab.
- Txhim kho qhov muag pom kev.
Kev zom zaub mov sai ntawm cov dej haus yog ua kom muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw - calcium, potassium, phosphorus thiab magnesium. Thaum tib neeg niaj hnub haus cov khoom mis nyuj yaj, cov kab ke ua haujlwm khaws nws cov haujlwm tau ntev dua.
Yog tias koj qhia cov dej haus no rau hauv cov khoom noj thaum lub sijhawm rov kho dua tom qab cov kab mob tsis zoo, lub cev rov zoo sai. Kev ua xua yuav luag tsis tshwm sim, nws tuaj yeem siv nyab xeeb rau mob hawb pob, kab mob sib kis thiab mob rhinitis, uas tshwm sim vim kub cev raws caij nyoog.
Cov mis nyuj yaj muaj ntau yam khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo: nws tiv thaiv cov hnoos qeev ntawm txoj hnyuv, txo kev nqus dej cawv, tiv thaiv daim siab los ntawm cov khoom lwj ntawm ethyl cawv. Yog tias koj haus ib nrab khob mis nyuj yaj ua ntej lub tsiab peb caug, koj tuaj yeem khaws lub taub hau "qaug cawv", thiab thaum sawv ntxov koj yuav tsis raug kev txom nyem los ntawm kev haus cawv. Yog lawm, yog tias qhov koob tshuaj cawv "poob siab", ntau dua 0.5 liv ntawm vodka, qaug cawv li 20 feeb, mis yuav tsis pab.
Contraindications thiab raug mob ntawm cov mis nyuj yaj
Muaj tsawg tus neeg uas haus cov dej haus hauv nws daim ntawv dawb huv. Tab sis qhov no tsis tau piav qhia los ntawm cov yam ntxwv organic, tab sis yog los ntawm kev xav - kev tsis lees paub ua rau muaj ntxhiab tsw thiab tsis hnov tsw txawv ntawm daim di ncauj, yog tias koj sim nws thawj zaug.
Kev tsis haum tshuaj tuaj yeem tshwm sim nrog tus neeg tsis txaus siab. Nws kuj tshwm sim tias tag nrho koj lub neej koj tau siv cov khoom lag luam los ntawm yaj cov mis, thiab tom qab ntawd cov tsos mob tsis zoo tshwm sim. Qhov no tuaj yeem piav qhia los ntawm qhov tseeb tias tsiaj tau noj nyom, uas ua rau muaj kev tsis haum rau tib neeg.
Cov mis nyuj yaj tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj hauv daim siab tsis ua haujlwm, biliary dyskinesia, mob pancreatitis ntev, kab mob gallstone. Qhov no yog vim muaj cov ntsiab lus rog ntau ntxiv.
Cov neeg rog yuav tsum tsis txhob noj cov khoom noj no. Qhov no yuav ua rau hnyav hnyav ntxiv.
Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias tus neeg mob rog dhau los muaj keeb kwm mob plawv, kab mob hauv lub ntsws, lossis ua xua ntau heev, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob tso tshuaj raws li qhov xwm txheej. Koj yuav tsum tsuas yog tshuaj noj - tsis pub ntau tshaj 150 g ib hnub.
Zaub mov mis nyuj qhia
Nws nyuaj heev rau mis nyuj yaj. Txhawm rau sau cov khoom txaus, lawv pib sau ua ntej, tsis pub dhau 2-3 hnub. Yog tias ua ntej rennet tau ntxiv los txhim kho qhov zoo, uas qee zaum cuam tshuam rau qhov khoom kawg, tam sim no koj tuaj yeem siv lub tub yees kom ruaj ntseg. Cov mis nyuj khov khaws tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig muaj txiaj ntsig tag nrho. Cheese feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov khoom no.
Daim ntawv qhia mis nyuj yaj:
- Greek pickled cheese "Feta" … Tshav kub cov mis nyuj, 4 liv, maj mam, mus rau qhov kub ntawm 34-35 ° C, nplawm tas li kom cov cua sov zoo ib yam. 4 ml ntawm calcium chloride tau nchuav los ntawm ampoule. Tshem lub thawv los ntawm tshav kub, ncuav thermophilic ua liaj ua teb sourdough rau ntawm qhov taub ntawm rab riam, cia nws sawv ntsug li 3 feeb, thiab do tsuas yog tom qab ntawd. Kaw nruj nrog lub hau, tawm rau 1 teev ntawm chav sov. Lub rennet, ib feem peb ntawm ib diav, tau yaj hauv dej, txhua yam sib xyaw, lub lauj kaub tau muab tso rau lwm 1 teev. Lub sijhawm no, cov mis yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav. Tom ntej no, koj yuav tsum tau saib xyuas qhov tau txais cov nplej nplej - cov kws paub ua cheese txiav txim siab lub sij hawm flocculation los ntawm qhov muag. Cov curd yog sab laug rau ib pliag kom dhau los ua tuab. Nws yuav siv sijhawm li 2.5 teev los ua cov curd. Tom qab ntawd cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo txiav rau hauv cov nplais nrog cov npoo txog li 1, 5 cm thiab sib tov, cais cov whey. Yog tias qhov kub tau khaws cia tsis tu ncua ntawm 34-35 ° C, cov nplej yuav nyob hauv 20 feeb. Tom qab ntawd cov nplej raug muab tso rau hauv pwm nrog rab diav thiab sab laug kom siav - koj tuaj yeem tso kev tsim txom. Cov cheese nyoos no yuav tsum tau muab hloov tas li. Ripening yog nqa tawm ntawm chav sov. Thaum cov cheese ua tuab, cov dej qab zib tau diluted: 500 g ntsev, 0.85 liv dej txias, ampoule ntawm calcium chloride, ib nrab ib teaspoon ntawm vinegar. Ntsev hauv lub tub yees rau 8-10 teev. Tom qab ntawd lawv tau qhuav, yog tias tsim nyog, lawv tau muab tso rau hauv brine dua. Txhawm rau txhim kho qhov saj, koj tuaj yeem ntxiv cov txiv ntseej, roj zaub, tshuaj ntsuab. Cia cov cheese kom qhuav ua ntej noj mov.
- Tsev cheese "Caciotta" … Kev coj noj coj ua mesophilic pib hauv khw. Ua ntej, 1, 8 l dej raug coj mus rau hauv lub khob, rhaub kom ze li 100 ° C, 0.5 tbsp yog yaj. l. calcium chloride, ntxiv 450 g ntsev, tsis yog iodized. Saffron tau nchuav rau hauv cov mis nyuj yaj, 3, 8 liv dej, rhaub kom kub txog 32 ° C, cov tshuaj ntxiv thiab tawm mus li 5 feeb. Tom qab ntawd txhua yam sib xyaw, saffron raug tshem tawm. Do los ntawm sab saum toj mus rau hauv qab, nchuav rau hauv rennet, tso cai rau sawv ntsug 40-45 feeb, ntawm qhov kub tsis tu ncua. Cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog txiav rau hauv cubes, nplawm tas li kom tsis txhob lo ua ke. Tom qab ntawd, txuas ntxiv mus, ua kom sov li 2 ° C thiab muab cov cheese tso rau hauv lub colander. Sticking yuav tsum tau ua tom qab sib cais ntawm cov whey, nyob rau hauv siab. Qhov hnyav ntawm kev tsim txom ntawm cov cheese ua tau yog 4-6 teev. Cov curd nrog cov whey sib cais tau tig ntau zaus. Cov cheesecloth raug tshem tawm, cov cheese tau raus rau hauv cov dej qab ntsev rau 4 teev, sab laug kom siav rau 8 teev, tig dua txhua txhua 2 teev. Rau ripening, siv lub tub yees txias.
Cov cheese uas nrov tshaj plaws yog ua los ntawm cov mis nyuj yaj. Cov no yog cov nyiam "Roquefort", Provencal "Picodon" thiab "Brus-du-Rov", Caucasian feta cheese.
Cov mis nyuj yaj yaj:
- Matsoni … Sourdough, qaub cream, kefir lossis yogurt, 1 tbsp. l, diluted nrog mis nyuj sov, 200 ml, thiab cov khoom siv tas li yog rhaub yuav luag kom npau, cov kua qaub tau nchuav rau, txias rau 50 ° C, nplawm tas li, thiab tso rau hauv qhov cub kom nws tsis txias nqis. Cov dej haus tau npaj txhij hauv 8-12 teev.
- Ayran … Rau 1 liter ntawm raw khoom, 1.5 g ntawm lipase thiab 100 ml ntawm thermophilic streptococci tau npaj. Lipase yog diluted nrog dej sov, 4 tbsp. l. Cov mis yog fermented nyob rau theem ntawm pasteurization, sab laug sov kom txog thaum tau txais cov qauv homogeneous. Haus dej txias. Koj tuaj yeem ncuav okroshka, siv rau kneading mov paj.
Yog tias tsev cheese tau npaj los ntawm yaj cov mis, tom qab txiav cov whey, nws raug nquahu kom do hauv cov tshuaj ntsuab lossis cov txuj lom. Yog tias qhov no tsis ua tiav, nws tsis zoo li koj yuav muaj peev xwm txaus siab rau cov khoom qab zib fermented.
Cov lus tseeb nthuav txog mis nyuj yaj
Hauv tebchaws Russia puag thaum ub, cov menyuam mis nyuj tau yug hauv thaj tsam yav qab teb ntawm lub tebchaws, cheese, tsev cheese, txawm tias qaub cream tau npaj los ntawm nws. Cov khoom zoo li no tau suav hais tias yog tshuaj. Tam sim no kev npaj cov tais diav los ntawm yaj cov mis yog siv hauv Caucasus, hauv cov koom pheej ntawm Central Asia thiab tsis tshua muaj nyob hauv Crimea.
Cov nab nyob hauv CIS tau poob qis ua ntej thaum Tsov Rog Loj Patriotic, thiab tom qab ntawd nws tau rov qab los dua. Los ntawm xyoo 1980, mis nyuj tau muag rau kev xa tawm mus rau European lub tebchaws, cov pej xeem tsiaj txhu tau kwv yees kwv yees li ntawm 400 txhiab leej. ntawm lawv. Kev ua liaj ua teb tau pib rov ua haujlwm tsuas yog tam sim no.
Cov mis nyuj yaj yog cov khoom lag luam kim, tab sis nws muaj txiaj ntsig ntau los ua cheese los ntawm nws dua li lwm hom khoom siv raw. Cov qoob loo yog 18-25%, los ntawm nyuj lossis tshis mis nyuj-9-12%.
Ntawm thaj chaw ntawm New Zealand yaj ua liaj ua teb, tag nrho cov chaw ua haujlwm tau tsim, uas tsim cov hmoov yaj mis nyuj, cheese thiab txawm tias khov nab kuab. 80% ntawm cov khoom kawg muag rau lwm lub tebchaws, 20% tshuav rau lawv tus kheej cov kev xav tau.
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws mis nyuj yaj breeds:
- Ostfrieskaya - 600 liters mis nyuj tuaj yeem tau los ntawm cov yaj hauv ib xyoos;
- Tsigai - cov tsiaj no muaj cov kua mis tsawg dua, txog li 160 litres ib xyoos;
- Lakayune - bred ua tsaug rau kev xaiv, txog li 400 litres ib xyoo;
- Awassi - 300 litres ib xyoos;
- Assaf - txog li 450 litres ib xyoos.
Saib daim vis dis aus hais txog yaj mis nyuj:
Cov mis nyuj yaj tau qhia rau hauv kev noj haus ntawm cov menyuam tsis muaj zog. Ua tsaug rau kev sib xyaw nrog cov khoom siv no, lawv ua kom hnyav sai thiab caum nrog lawv cov phooj ywg muaj zog. Tab sis cov neeg laus yuav tsum txwv lawv tus kheej rau tsev cheese thiab cheese, vim tias lawv tsis tuaj yeem zom cov mis tag nrho lossis sib xyaw.
