Qhov xav tau rau hauv qab daus waterproofing. Hom insulating cov ntaub ntawv, lawv tus yam ntxwv thiab qhov zoo. Cov thev naus laus zis rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm txhua tus dej tsis sib haum. Kev tiv thaiv dej hauv qab daus yog ib txoj hauv kev muaj kev ntseeg tshaj plaws los tiv thaiv hauv qab daus los ntawm kev nkag mus los ntawm cov dej ntws uas tuaj yeem rhuav tshem cov hlau uas yog ib feem ntawm cov txheej txheem ua vaj tsev. Ntxiv rau qhov ua haujlwm tiv thaiv tiv thaiv xeb, cov haujlwm zoo li no tshem tawm cov kab mob thiab cov av noo hauv qab ntawm lub tsev.
Vim li cas koj thiaj xav tau chav dej hauv qab daus
Tiv thaiv chav los ntawm kev nkag mus rau noo noo yog txoj haujlwm uas yuav tsum tau daws thaum tsim lub hauv paus. Thaum lub sijhawm tsim kho lub tsev, ntau qhov kev ntsuas tau ua uas tsim teeb meem rau kev nkag mus rau cov dej nkag mus rau hauv phab ntsa thiab hauv pem teb hauv qab daus. Kev tiv thaiv dej tsis zoo tshaj plaws tsuas yog ua tiav thaum lub sijhawm tsim kho. Kev ntsuas ntsuas hauv chav uas twb tau tsim los lawm yuav tsis muab cov txiaj ntsig los xam. Cov dej hauv qab daus hauv qab no tau siv: tiv thaiv siab, tsis siab, tiv thaiv capillary.
Kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv dej yog nqa tawm thaum muaj dej nce siab tshaj qhov cim hauv pem teb, thiab feem ntau mus txog phab ntsa hauv qab daus. Tom qab ntawd txoj haujlwm tau ua tiav sab nraum lub tsev. Kev tiv thaiv dej hauv qab daus tsis zoo, vim cov dej nyob ntawd rub cov khoom kom deb ntawm phab ntsa. Ntxiv rau cov kev ntsuas no txhawm rau tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob ya raws nkag mus hauv qab daus, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ua cov dej ntws nyob ib puag ncig nws thiab ntws cov dej uas twb muaj lawm mus rau hauv cov cua daj cua dub.
Kev tiv thaiv tsis muaj dej siab ua tiav thaum lub rooj dej tsis siab thiab muaj peev xwm dej nyab yog xoom. Tiv thaiv cov qhov tsuas yog los ntawm qhov tsis tseem ceeb nkag mus ntawm huab cua nag mus rau hauv av. Ntawm no nws yog qhov xav tau ntau los npog tag nrho hauv qab daus nrog bituminous mastic. Kev tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob yog nqa tawm txhawm rau tiv thaiv phab ntsa hauv qab daus los ntawm dej nkag los ntawm cov hlab ntshav. Yav dhau los, bituminous mastic tau siv rau qhov no lossis npog nrog cov ntawv ntawm cov khoom vov tsev. Tam sim no lawv siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv dej.
Kev xaiv cov khoom siv rau kev tiv thaiv dej hauv qab daus
Cov dej tsis muaj dej uas tau muab rau cov neeg siv khoom feem ntau raug cais ua pawg hauv qab no:
- Txheej … Cov no txhais tau tias suav nrog kev sib xyaw raws li bitumen, lawv tau siv txias thiab nrog kev pab cua sov. Cov pab pawg no tseem suav nrog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov cement, sib xyaw raws cov polymers, tuab-walled bituminous txheej. Lub hauv paus ntawm kev daws yog bituminous resin nrog ntxiv ntawm cov khoom cua roj hmab. Nws tsis muaj cov kuab tshuaj. Nws yog siv rau ntau hom nto: cib, pob zeb, pob zeb, plastered. Maas waterproofing yog ib tug muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm polymers nrog ntxiv ntawm MAAs. Cov insulator no yog vapor-permeable thiab muaj cov nplaum siab, yog li nws feem ntau siv rau kev ua haujlwm sab hauv. Xav tias nws muaj cov polymers, nws hloov pauv tau hauv kev siv, nws daim ntawv thov tsis xav tau kev paub tshwj xeeb, thiab nws qhov txiaj ntsig yog nws tus nqi pheej yig. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev ua-nws-koj tus kheej cov cement-based waterproofing ntawm hauv qab daus yog qhov tawg ntawm cov khoom.
- Roj hmab kua … Nws muaj bitumen thiab ntau yam polymers. Nws cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb yog lub peev xwm los khov kho cov insulator nrog cov lwg me me ntawm qhov chaw kho. Roj hmab kua yog cov khoom siv uas muaj ntau yam txiaj ntsig zoo, xws li ua tau ntev, tsis muaj peev xwm nthuav tawm rau cov kab mob me me, qhov kub tshaj plaws, thiab duab hluav taws xob ultraviolet. Nws tiv taus dej siab, muaj cov nplaum zoo, kev nyab xeeb hluav taws, tus nqi qis thiab kev saib xyuas siab.
- Cov iav ua kua … Nws muaj cov khoom zoo ib yam li roj hmab: tawv tawv, nws tiv thaiv qhov chaw kho los ntawm ya raws. Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv: sodium silicate nrog ntxiv ntawm cov xuab zeb thiab dej qab zib. Muaj nyob rau hauv cov kua los yog qhuav daim ntawv, diluted nrog dej thiab siv rau hauv qab daus waterproofing. Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov nplaum zoo, ua haujlwm tsis xeb, tsis tas yuav siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov insulator suav nrog qhov tsis muaj peev xwm siv tau ntawm txhua hom nto.
- Yob … Kev lag luam muaj kev xaiv loj ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev yob, uas suav nrog bitumen thiab polymers. Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm pab pawg no yog cov khoom vov tsev thiab cov vov tsev; cov khoom siv iav, brizol, hydroizol, foilgoizol kuj tseem muag. Lub hauv paus rau cov rwb thaiv tsev yog mastic, uas tau muab tso rau hauv daim ntawv ua kom sov lossis siv txoj hauv kev txias, lossis cov khoom raug kho los ntawm yaj. Ntawm qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev yob, peb yuav txiav tawm tus nqi pheej yig ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab muaj peev xwm ua cov nplaum ntawm peb tus kheej. Qhov tsis zoo uas tshwm sim thaum ua kom tsis muaj dej hauv qab daus yog qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov kub qis, muaj peev xwm nthuav tawm rau cov kab mob me me thiab kev puas tsuaj rau lub tshuab.
- Nkag mus … Lub ntsiab lus dag nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov khoom thiab ua tiav lub dav hlau. Tus neeg saib xyuas kev tiv thaiv dej tau thov rau saum npoo yog nqus los ntawm cov hlab ntsha mus rau qhov tob ntawm 0.4 hli thiab crystallizes. Cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem ua tiav tsuas yog los ntawm kev nqis tes ua - cov khoom tshwj xeeb uas yog ib feem ntawm cov insulator. Yog li ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv rau nkag mus rau kev tiv thaiv dej yog hu ua Penetron. Silica lossis aluminium oxide tau ntxiv rau qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov khoom kom faib cov khoom nkag mus. Kev siv Penetron ua cov rwb thaiv tsev yog cuam tshuam nrog nws nkag mus rau hauv qhov hws ntawm cov pob zeb, thaum cov dej tsis muaj dej tau tsim. Cov khoom sib xyaw uas siv los ua rwb thaiv tsev muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo hauv qab no: muaj peev xwm nkag mus rau qhov tob ntau dua 0.5 hli, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm txhim kho kev tiv thaiv dej ntawm cov pob zeb ua ke, kaw ib qho microcracks, thiab tshwj xeeb los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntev. Cov chaw kho mob tiv taus qhov kub tsis txias, thiab cov khoom siv tau yooj yim.
- Txhaj tshuaj … Cov dej tsis zoo no muaj cov khoom zoo heev. Cov kua dej ntws tau txhaj rau hauv lub qhov uas tau npaj ua ntej rau lub hom phiaj no. Cov khoom tuaj yeem siv tau txawm tias nyob hauv chav ntub, thiab qhov chaw tsis raug rau kev npaj tshwj xeeb. Kev txhaj tshuaj tso cai rau koj nkag mus rau hauv txhua qhov chaw uas nyuaj mus cuag, ntxiv rau kev nqis peev me me.
Nco tseg! Ua hauj lwm nrog kev txhaj tshuaj cais pawg ntseeg xav tau qee yam txuj ci thiab kev qhia, tsis zoo li lwm yam khoom siv.
Hauv qab daus waterproofing tshuab
Cov haujlwm ua ntu zus sib txawv nyob ntawm seb yam khoom zoo li cas rau kev tiv thaiv dej hauv qab daus tau xaiv.
Daim ntawv thov txheej txheej tiv thaiv dej
Rau cov ntaub ntawv txheej txheej tsis muaj dej tsis haum suav nrog txheej txheej cement, roj hmab mastic, roj hmab ua kua thiab iav ua kua. Xav txog daim ntawv thov thev naus laus zis rau txhua tus insulator.
Maas txheej
Ua ntej pib siv cov tshuaj pleev xim rau cov cement, cov cuab yeej hauv qab no yuav tsum tau npaj: lub thoob ua haujlwm, txhuam, cov menyuam lossis lub spatula (txhua yam nws nyob ntawm qhov sib xws ntawm cov tshuaj). Cov ntaub ntawv uas yuav xav tau rau kev ua haujlwm: hloov tau cov cement muab tshuaj txhuam, dej.
Cov lus qhia rau kev ua haujlwm yuav raug txo kom ua raws li hauv qab no:
- Txhua qhov chaw kho tau raug ntxuav los ntawm cov cement qub, txhua yam tsis xws luag.
- Tsis hais txog ntawm cov khoom siv (mastic lossis cement txheej), thaj chaw tau ntub dej ntau heev. Ntawm qhov chaw ntub dej, cov insulator haum zoo dua thiab nkag mus tob rau hauv qhov hws.
- Thaum siv cov txheej txheem cement, qhov sib tov qhuav yog diluted nrog dej. Kev daws teeb meem yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo zoo, txwv tsis pub nws yuav tsis ua zoo rau saum npoo.
- Qhov sib tov yog siv nrog txhuam, cov menyuam lossis spatula, nws nyob ntawm qhov sib xws.
- Tom qab qhov saum npoo tau qhuav, nws tiav lawm.
Roj hmab mastic
Kev siv mastic cuam tshuam nws daim ntawv thov sab nraum lub tsev txhawm rau tiv thaiv nws los ntawm dej nkag. Ua ntej thov nws, koj yuav tsum npaj cov cuab yeej hauv qab no: txhuam los yog cov menyuam (nyob ntawm qhov sib xws ntawm mastic), spatula, lub thoob ua haujlwm.
Lub algorithm rau kev ua haujlwm nrog mastic roj hmab yog raws li hauv qab no:
- Qhov saum npoo yuav tsum tau kho yuav tsum tau ntxuav ntawm cov cement qub, av thiab khib nyiab.
- Cov av tau zoo nrog dej, qhov no ua rau cov khoom nkag mus tau zoo dua rau cov qauv ua vaj tsev.
- Mastic yog sib xyaw thiab siv rau ntawm phab ntsa.
- Thaum qhov saum npoo qhuav, koj tuaj yeem plaster nws.
Thaum cov mastic qhuav, cov zaj duab xis ywj ua rau ntawm phab ntsa. Cov khoom siv zoo li no tsis tso cai rau dej hla mus, tsis hnov mob rau qhov hloov pauv kub, thiab kaw qhov potholes thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov chaw kho. Roj hmab kua
Txhawm rau ua haujlwm nrog nws, koj yuav xav tau cov cuab yeej hauv qab no: cov menyuam lossis kev teeb tsa tshwj xeeb. Cov ntaub ntawv siv los thov cov roj hmab ua kua: tshuaj tua kab mob ua ntej, rwb thaiv tsev, ntaub tshwj xeeb.
Lub tshuab thev naus laus zis mus rau cov haujlwm hauv qab no:
- Phab ntsa hauv qab daus tau ntxuav cov hmoov av, av thiab cov kab mob uas twb muaj lawm. Yog tias muaj qhov tsis xwm yeem nyob rau saum npoo, lawv yuav tsum tau muab tso rau, vim tias cov khoom siv ntau dhau yuav siv.
- Cov primer tau thov rau phab ntsa hauv qab daus, uas ua lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv kab mob thiab txhawb nqa kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov khoom thiab lub hauv paus. Nws tau muab pov rau ntawm txhua lub ces kaum thiab qhov crevices, tom qab ntawd lawv tau npog nrog ib daim ntaub tshwj xeeb, qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua kom lub foob zoo dua. Tom qab ntawd, tag nrho cov phab ntsa twb tau ua tiav, yog li ntawd, cov nqaws thiab cov ces kaum tau ua ob zaug. Cov tshuaj dries tawm rau 3-4 teev, nws nyob ntawm qhov kub ib puag ncig thiab muaj qhov tso pa tawm hauv qab daus.
- Roj hmab kua yog siv rau phab ntsa siv cov menyuam lossis lub tshuab tshwj xeeb uas sib npaug faib cov insulator hla cov phab ntsa.
- Tom qab kho, zaj duab xis tsim rau ntawm lub hauv paus uas tiv thaiv nws los ntawm ya raws. Tam sim no koj tuaj yeem ua tiav txoj haujlwm tiav.
Cov iav ua kua
Txhawm rau ua haujlwm nrog nws, peb xav tau cov cuab yeej hauv qab no: txhuam lossis cov menyuam, lub thoob ua haujlwm, lub tshuab raj. Cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau siv: iav iav, dej, plaster.
Lub tshuab siv iav ua kua hauv qab daus yuav muaj raws li hauv qab no:
- Peb ntxuav qhov chaw ntawm av. Qhov tsis sib xws loj tuaj yeem tshem tawm nrog txiab lossis txiab. Tom qab ntawd, cov khib nyiab loj thiab hmoov av tau los ntawm lub hauv paus.
- Ua ntej siv cov insulator, xub ntxuav thiab tom qab ntawd degrease phab ntsa.
- Peb thov ua kua iav ua ntej rau txhua lub ces kaum, qhov crevices, tom qab ntawd npog tag nrho thaj chaw kom raug kho.
Cov kua iav kua ua kom tawv nrawm heev, nws raug nquahu kom npaj nws hauv qhov me me. Qhov txiaj ntsig zoo dua tuaj yeem ua tiav yog tias iav hmoov tau nchuav rau hauv cov plaster.
Kev txhim kho ntawm cov dej tsis haum
Cov cuab yeej uas xav tau rau kev tso cov ntaub ntawv xws li: txhuam, cov menyuam, lub thoob ua haujlwm, txiab ntse. Cov ntaub ntawv xav tau: yob rwb thaiv tsev, piv txwv li muaj lub ru tsev, primer, bitumen mastic.
Cov thev naus laus zis rau siv yob insulators yog raws li hauv qab no:
- Cov phab ntsa raug ntxuav ntawm txhua yam tsis tseem ceeb: av, khib nyiab, ua vaj tsev nplaum. Nws raug nquahu kom ntxuav cov nplaim thiab cia nws qhuav kom huv.
- Tom qab ntawd cov phab ntsa tau npog nrog txheej txheej ntawm cov tshuaj khib hauv av, uas qhuav li ob peb teev. Nws yog qib nrog cov menyuam sib npaug thoob plaws thaj chaw.
- Thaum qhov saum npoo qhuav, bituminous mastic tau thov rau nws. Thaum lub txheej txheem ziab khaub ncaws, nws tsim kom ruaj khov, txheej txheej.
- Kauj ruam kawg: cov khoom vov tsev raug txiav rau hauv ib daim hlab, tso rau saum cov paj ntoo uas muaj qhov sib tshooj ntawm 15 cm. Qhov no yog ua kom cais tag nrho cov pob qij txha ntawm phab ntsa.
Daim ntawv thov kev tiv thaiv dej
Cov cuab yeej siv hauv kev ua haujlwm: dav rau cov menyuam lossis txhuam, thoob, txhuam hlau. Cov ntaub ntawv rau kev ua haujlwm: Penetron qhuav insulating sib tov, dej.
Cov thev naus laus zis ntawm daim ntawv thov raug txo qis rau cov hauv qab no algorithm ntawm kev nqis tes ua:
- Qhov saum npoo yuav tau kho yog npaj, ntxuav nrog txhuam hlau.
- Tom qab ntawd nws tau ntub nrog dej ntau, qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog kom lub qhov hws ntawm cov pob zeb qhib tau zoo, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau txais sib sib zog nqus li sai tau.
- Tom ntej no, kev daws teeb meem tau npaj: qhov sib xyaw insulating qhuav tau ua ke nrog dej.
- Ua ntej, tag nrho cov ces kaum, cov pob qij txha tau ua tiav, tom qab ntawd tag nrho ntawm cov nplaim tau npog. Phab ntsa raug kho nrog tshuaj khib ob peb zaug. Ntxiv mus, tsawg kawg 2 teev yuav tsum hla ntawm daim ntawv thov thawj zaug thiab txhua txheej tom ntej.
- Kev kho qhov chaw yuav tsum tau ywg dej nrog dej tau ob peb hnub, qhov no yog ua tiav txhawm rau txhawm rau ua kom cov khoom sib luag.
Daim ntawv thov kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv dej
Cov cuab yeej siv hauv kev ua haujlwm: txhaj tshuaj, ntim khoom, perforator. Cov ntaub ntawv rau kev ua haujlwm: sib xyaw rau kev tiv thaiv dej.
Lub algorithm rau kev txhaj tshuaj cais yuav yog raws li hauv qab no:
- Lub qhov yog npaj siv cov rauj rauj nrog rau qhov hnyav ua haujlwm. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ua kom muaj ntau qhov - lawv tau nqus ntawm qhov deb ntawm 1-2 cm ntawm ib leeg.
- Cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb "Packer" tau tso rau hauv lub qhov, los ntawm qhov uas cov khoom sib xyaw npaj tau tso rau hauv qab siab siv lub twj tso kua mis.
- Qhov sib xyaw insulating yuav tsum qhuav hauv 10-12 teev. Nws yog qhov xav tau kom muaj peev xwm ua pa hauv chav. Tom qab ziab, chav tuaj yeem siv tau raws li ib txwm muaj.
Yuav ua li cas kom tsis muaj dej hauv qab daus - saib cov vis dis aus:
Nws tsis nyuaj rau dej hauv qab daus los ntawm sab hauv yog tias koj khaws cov cuab yeej tsim nyog, cov ntaub ntawv thiab ua tib zoo ua raws li peb cov lus qhia. Ua tsaug rau lawv, hauv ob peb hnub nws tuaj yeem ua kom qhuav hauv chav thiab tiv thaiv nws qhov chaw los ntawm qhov pom ntawm cov kab mob me me.
