Kev piav qhia thiab hom iav ua npuas dej, qhov twg siv cov khoom siv, nws zoo li cas thiab qhov tsis zoo. Ru tsev rwb thaiv tsev thev naus laus zis thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua haujlwm nrog cov cua sov no. Rwb thaiv tsev ntawm lub ru tsev nrog iav ua npuas yog qhov lav ntawm qhov ua tau zoo cua sov rwb thaiv tsev ntawm tag nrho cov qauv, thaum tsim kho uas qhov haujlwm no yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas. Cov khoom siv tso cai rau koj tswj hwm qhov xav tau microclimate hauv chav thiab txuag tau cua sov ntau. Cia peb txiav txim siab ntau ntxiv nws qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo, nrog rau kev teeb tsa thev naus laus zis.
Kev piav qhia thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev tsim cov iav ua npuas dej
Muaj ntau yam khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cov khoom lag luam hauv tsev, tab sis ib qho ntawm kev ntseeg tau tshaj plaws yog iav ua npuas dej, uas tau nquag siv hauv ntau thaj chaw ntawm kev tsim kho tsis ntev los no, tab sis nws muaj koob npe nrov zuj zus.
Cov khoom siv tau tsim nyob rau thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, tab sis vim yog qhov nyuaj ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab tus nqi tseem ceeb, nws tsis tau txais kev faib loj. Tom qab ob peb xyoo lawm, cov insulator tau txhim kho tau pib nquag siv rau txawv teb chaws rau suab thiab cua sov rwb thaiv tsev ntawm ntau yam qauv. Hauv CIS lub tebchaws, iav ua npuas dej tau pib siv dav tsis ntev los no.
Ua npuas dej iav yog tsim los ntawm silicate raw cov ntaub ntawv thiab, vim nws cov qauv honeycomb, feem ntau hu ua cellular lossis ua npuas dej iav. Kev tsim cov khoom yog siv zog heev thiab suav nrog cov theem hauv qab no:
- Kev sib tsoo ntawm cov khoom siv raw silicate;
- Sib tov nrog cov khoom tsim roj;
- Tso cov khoom ua tiav rau hauv pwm thiab tua hauv lub cub tawg;
- Softening ntawm raw cov ntaub ntawv, tig nws mus rau hauv qhov khov, ua kua, ua kom sib tov sib xyaw;
- Txias ntawm cov khoom, tsim cov slabs, blocks lossis granules;
- Ua thiab ntim khoom.
Raws li nws muaj pes tsawg leeg, ua npuas dej iav yuav luag zoo ib yam rau iav zoo tib yam. Qhov sib txawv tsuas yog muaj nyob ntawm thawj qhov ua pa puv nkaus. Kev rwb thaiv tsev niaj hnub yog tsim los siv cov thev naus laus zis tshiab, siv cov cuab yeej tshiab.
Cov iav ua npuas dej tau muab faib ua ntu thiab ntau. Blocky sawv cev rau block, slabs, lossis shells. Cov khoom lag luam granulated - cov iav ua kom tawg, pob zeb lossis xuab zeb. Tseem ceeb! Txawm hais tias qhov tseeb ntawm kev ua tau zoo, cov iav ua npuas dej tsis zoo rau thaiv cov neeg ua haujlwm, vim nws tus nqi pheej yig, qhov xav tau rau nws yog qhov siab heev.
Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm iav ua npuas ncauj
Ua npuas dej iav muaj ntau qhov zoo uas ua rau nws muaj ntau yam suab thiab cov khoom siv cua sov. Ntawm nws qhov zoo, peb hais txog:
- Kev pab lub neej ntev … Raws li cov ntaub ntawv teev tseg hauv cov lus qhia, cov khoom siv tau tuaj yeem siv yam tsis tau poob lub peev xwm li ntawm 100 xyoo.
- Tiv taus yaig … Tom qab tag nrho, iav ua npuas dej tsis muaj cov khoom uas tuaj yeem ntxuav tau los ntawm dej.
- Kev tiv thaiv oxidation … Qhov no yog vim muaj cov oxides ntawm txhuas, silicon, magnesium, sodium, calcium hauv cov khoom.
- Tiv taus kub heev … Qhov tshwj xeeb muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov khoom tso cai rau nws siv rau hauv ntau yam huab cua yam tsis ua rau nws cov khoom ua tau zoo.
- Kuj ua rau deformation … Ua npuas dej iav tsis hloov pauv cov duab hauv qab kev nyuaj siab.
- Lub zog … Raws li qhov ntsuas no, iav ua npuas ntau dua li lwm cov khoom siv cua sov, tsis xav tau txuas ntxiv thaum txhim kho.
- Tsau qhov ntev … Lub xub ntiag ntawm cov roj uas tau ntim cov cell tsis tso cai rau cov khoom hloov pauv cov duab geometry raws li kev cuam tshuam ntawm ntau yam. Nws cov haujlwm ua haujlwm kuj tseem yog qhov qub.
- Tsis kam mus rau kev lom neeg, tshuaj lom neeg … Cov khoom siv tiv thaiv kab mob, pwm, kab mob me me, thiab ntau yam tshuaj lom neeg. Cov yam ntxwv no ua rau nws siv tau cov iav ua npuas dej hauv cov chav uas tsis tau lim, los tiv thaiv cov tsev loj, cov tub yees txias, cov khw muag zaub los ntawm txhua yam kab tsuag.
- Soundproofing … Ua npuas dej iav yog qhov sib txawv tsis yog los ntawm thawj chav kawm cua sov cov khoom, tab sis kuj los ntawm cov suab rwb thaiv tsev zoo.
- Hluav taws kub tsis kam … Cov khoom siv tiv taus qhov kub siab thiab thaum muaj hluav taws tsuas yog yaj tsis tau tso cov tshuaj phem.
- Kev huv huv … Hauv kev tsim cov iav ua npuas, cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj kev nyab xeeb rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv tau siv, uas tso cai rau nws siv hauv thaj chaw nyob. Ib qho ntxiv, qhov muaj cov qhov me me hauv iav ua rau nws ua rau "ua pa", tswj hwm qee yam microclimate hauv chav.
Lub xub ntiag ntawm cov txiaj ntsig saum toj no zoo sib txawv ua npuas iav ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo sib xws, ua rau qhov kev thov rau nws tsis tu ncua.
Txawm hais tias muaj ntau qhov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov khoom, nws kuj muaj qee qhov tsis zoo:
- Kev siv zog ntawm kev tsim khoom … Cov iav ua npuas yog tsim los ntawm cov cuab yeej siv niaj hnub siv cov thev naus laus zis tshiab. Qhov no cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau tus nqi ntawm kev tsim khoom. Hais txog tus nqi, iav ua npuas yog qis dua ntau yam khoom siv cua sov uas zoo sib xws.
- Fragility … Cov khoom yog nquag tawg thiab yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov lus qhia.
- Tsis muaj vapor conductivity … Txawm hais tias qhov ua tsis tau zoo ntawm iav ua rau pwm, pwm, saum hauv qab nws tsis muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo li no, thiab qhov tsis muaj qhov ua kom muaj zog tuaj yeem ua rau nws kis tau tus kab mob.
- Tsis muaj elasticity … Qhov no ua rau cov khoom tawg hauv qhov cuam tshuam ntawm lwm yam.
- Qhov hnyav … Cov iav ua npuas yog hnyav heev thiab lub nra ntawm cov qauv txhawb nqa yuav tsum tau suav ua ntej siv.
Thaum thaiv lub ru tsev nrog iav ua npuas dej, nco ntsoov coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov tsis zoo uas tau teev tseg saum toj no. Qhov tseeb, hauv qee kis nws yuav ntse dua siv lwm qhov, tsim nyog rwb thaiv tsev.
Scope ntawm iav ua npuas ncauj
Ntau qhov zoo ua rau iav ua npuas dej tshwj xeeb uas siv los txhim kho cov yam ntxwv rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cov qauv hauv qab no: kev tsim tawm, tsev ntiag tug thiab hauv tebchaws, cov tsev kho mob, cov qauv hauv av, cov chaw ua kis las, cov tsev kawm ntawv, chaw ua haujlwm, chaw tsim khoom.
Kev siv ntau yam ntawm cov khoom siv thiab nws cov khoom ua tau zoo hauv qib ib tso cai rau nws siv los txhim kho cov rwb thaiv tsev cua sov ntawm yuav luag txhua qhov chaw, piv txwv li, ru tsev, qab nthab, pem teb, phab ntsa.
Qhov kev siv ntawm iav ua npuas dej nyob ntawm nws hom. Cov khoom siv pobzeb, cov tshuaj khib lossis cov pob zeb tau ua pov thawj nws tus kheej zoo rau rwb thaiv tsev rau lub ru tsev tiaj thiab tsaws. Nyob rau xyoo tsis ntev los no, ua npuas dej iav inversion vov tsev tau nrov heev. Panels ua los ntawm cov khoom siv pob zeb thiab thaiv iav ua npuas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev thaiv phab ntsa. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov khoob ntawm nruab nrab thiab phab ntsa tuaj yeem ntim nrog cov iav ua npuas dej qhuav. Txhawm rau kom muaj cua sov zoo dua qub nrog cov txheej txheem monolithic ntawm kev tsim cov phab ntsa, sib xyaw tshwj xeeb ntawm cov pob zeb thiab cov cement mortar tau siv.
Cov iav ua npuas dej khov khov tau siv rau rwb thaiv tsev hauv pem teb. Lawv tau teeb tsa ntawm cov pob zeb qhuav lossis ntoo hauv paus. Cov granules tuaj yeem sib xyaw nrog cov cement thiab siv rau cov nplais screed.
Cov iav ua npuas ncauj tau nquag siv hauv txoj kev ua haujlwm, txij li hais txog cov yam ntxwv ua haujlwm lawv yog qhov zoo tshaj rau cov khoom siv sib xws, piv txwv li, nthuav av nplaum. Nws tso cai rau koj kom ntseeg tau ruaj khov ntawm cov txheej txheej ntawm txoj hauv kev thaum lub zog txav lossis khov ntawm cov av. Txog qhov no, cov iav ua npuas dej tau nchuav rau hauv thaj chaw geotextile, uas yog txoj kev saum npoo av.
Lub xub ntiag ntawm ntau qhov zoo ua rau cov iav ua npuas daim hlau tsis tseem ceeb rau insulating ntau lub hauv paus thiab hauv qab daus. Nrog rau cov uas yuav raug nce ntxiv kom ya raws. Ua npuas dej iav granules tuaj yeem siv los txhim kho cov khoom cua sov rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cov hauv paus pob zeb.
Ua npuas dej iav granules yog siv rau cua sov rwb thaiv tsev ntawm ntau yam cuab yeej siv thev naus laus zis thiab cov kav dej.
Tseem ceeb! Ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv yog kev tiv thaiv ya raws tau zoo, nce kev tiv thaiv kom kub thiab lwm yam.
Ru tsev rwb thaiv tsev thev naus laus zis nrog iav ua npuas ncauj
Kev rwb thaiv tsev vov nrog iav ua npuas dej tau ua tiav hauv ntau theem. Cia peb xav txog txhua tus ntawm lawv kom ntxaws.
Kev xaiv ntawm iav ua npuas ncauj
Thaum xaiv cov khoom thaiv, xyuam xim rau cov qauv ntawm cov khoom, nws qhov ntev, uas yuav tsum zoo ib yam. Txhawm rau kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws, cov khoom raug pom zoo kom siv rau insulating lub ru tsev tshiab. Kev xaiv ntau hom ntau yog qhov nyuaj dua, vim ntau nyob ntawm cov tuam txhab tsim khoom. Nws raug pom zoo kom ua tib zoo nyeem cov ntaub ntawv muaj rau cov khoom siv.
Sim mus yuav cov khoom siv los ntawm cov khoom lag luam uas paub zoo uas tau ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom lag luam tsim tsev tau ntev thiab muaj ntau qhov kev tshuaj xyuas zoo. Dua li ntawm qhov tseeb tias lawv cov khoom muaj qee yam kim dua li cov neeg tsim khoom lag luam me, koj yuav paub tias koj tau yuav cov iav ua npuas dej zoo uas yuav ntseeg tau ua haujlwm tau ntau xyoo.
Ua ntej yuav khoom, suav qhov xav tau ntawm cov khoom siv, coj mus rau hauv tus account nws cov tuab tuab. Xws li kev suav tuaj yeem ua tiav ob leeg ntawm nws tus kheej thiab siv cov kev pabcuam ntawm cov kws tshwj xeeb.
Cov lus qhia rau kev txhim kho iav ua npuas dej ntawm lub ru tsev
Lub hauv paus yuav tsum tau npaj, txhua qhov tsis xws luag tseem ceeb raug tshem tawm. Cov khoom siv tau nrawm nrog cov kua nplaum tshwj xeeb ua kua nplaum, uas yog tusyees thov rau ob sab phab ntsa thiab sab nraub qaum ntawm cov khoom.
Yog tias muaj qhov tsis xws luag me me ntawm lub hauv paus, piv txwv li, kev nyuaj siab thiab qhov tshwm sim, nws raug nquahu kom siv cov kua nplaum rau cov khoom siv nrog "npuaj". Yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg tsib ntawm lawv rau ib yam khoom. Txoj hauv kev no tso cai rau koj ua tiav qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, nrog kev nce me ntsis hauv kev siv kua nplaum. Yog hais tias lub hauv paus ntoo yog ntoo, tshwj xeeb dowels tau siv, txij li ntoo tau nquag ua kom sov. Ua tsaug rau cov cuab yeej kho cov khoom, lawv muaj peev xwm txav tau tom qab tsob ntoo, uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau lawv qhov kev ua tau zoo. Yog tias nws tau npaj los tso cov ntaub ntawv yob rau ntawm lub ru tsev, tom qab ntawd txheej bitumen-polymer tau siv rau lub hauv paus, uas ua kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev tiv thaiv ya raws. Tom ntej no, cov kua nplaum tshwj xeeb lossis mastic tau siv rau iav ua npuas dej, tom qab uas, nrog qhov siab me ntsis, cov khoom raug tsau rau ntawm lub hauv paus. Tom qab ntawd txheej yog kho nrog kub bitumen.
Xav kom nce daim ntawv npog rau ntawm lub ru tsev nrog qhov nqes hav me me, cov iav ua npuas dej tau glued mus rau lub hauv paus pob zeb nrog bitumen mastic lossis cov kua nplaum tshwj xeeb, tom qab uas cov khoom tau ua tiav nrog cov khoom tshwj xeeb. Txhawm rau txhawm rau tiv thaiv dej, cov ntaub ntawv yob tau siv. Thaum tau daws qhov teeb meem no, koj tuaj yeem txuas mus rau qhov sib thooj sib xws rau cov khoom siv vov tsev xaiv.
Yog tias koj yuav tso lub ru tsev ntoo, yuav tsum tau teeb tsa tshwj xeeb hauv cov rafters, uas cov khoom tiv thaiv dej tau nthuav tawm thiab tsau. Cov iav ua npuas dej tau teeb tsa rau saum, thiab tom qab ntawd txheej txheej tiv taus cov dej noo. Kev teeb tsa cov iav ua npuas dej ntawm lub ru tsev yog ua tiav los ntawm hauv qab. Cov khoom lag luam tau teeb tsa nyob ze ib leeg nrog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom poob ntawm ib kab txheeb ze rau lwm qhov. Yog tias tsis yog tsuas yog kua nplaum, tab sis kuj tseem siv cov dowels los kho, tom kawg tau txuas ntxiv tsuas yog tom qab cov nplaum tau qhuav tag. Yog tias muaj cov pa taws thiab cov qauv zoo sib xws ntawm lub ru tsev, iav ua npuas dej tau tsau nyob ib puag ncig lawv hauv cov duab zoo.
Tseem ceeb! Nws tsis pom zoo kom ua cov khoom sib koom ntawm cov kab kaum. Yuav ua li cas insulate lub ru tsev nrog iav ua npuas ncauj - saib cov vis dis aus:
Lub xub ntiag ntawm ntau qhov zoo, cov yam ntxwv ua ntej hauv chav kawm ua rau cov iav ua npuas dej tshwj xeeb cov khoom cua sov. Nws tau siv ntau yam kev tsim kho ua haujlwm, vim tias ntxiv rau nws cov khoom cua sov, cov insulator tseem muaj hluav taws tiv taus, ua haujlwm ntev, tiv taus dej, thiab ib puag ncig phooj ywg. Nws lub koob npe tseem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm nws yooj yim ntawm kev teeb tsa.
