Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm phab ntsa rwb thaiv tsev nrog iav ua npuas dej, thev naus laus zis ntawm kev teeb tsa lub rwb thaiv tsev ntawm ob txheej thiab peb txheej txheej, cov xwm txheej rau kev siv tau zoo ntawm cov khoom. Kev rwb thaiv tsev phab ntsa nrog iav ua npuas dej yog qhov ua kom muaj cua sov zoo ntawm thaj chaw rau txhua lub hom phiaj. Qhov tshwj xeeb npog hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov kab plaub fab tau yooj yim txuas rau cov faib ua los ntawm cov khoom siv thiab tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau 100 xyoo. Kab lus yuav tham txog yuav ua li cas tiv thaiv lub tsev nrog cov khoom no.
Nta ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm rwb thaiv tsev phab ntsa nrog iav ua npuas ncauj
Ua npuas dej iav yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tiv thaiv cua sov hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov nplais thiab cov granules, tsim los ntawm cov iav uas yaj thiab cov khoom tsim roj. Nws muaj ntau cov npuas nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 1 txog 10 hli, uas muab porosity txog 95%. Cov thaiv muaj nyob rau hauv cov duab plaub hauv ntau qhov ntau thiab tau tsim los siv sab nraum lossis sab hauv ib lub tsev. Rau rwb thaiv tsev sab nrauv ntawm cov cib thiab cov vaj tsev, cov ntawv nrog tuab txog 120 hli tau siv, ntoo thiab nthuav av nplaum - 80-100 hli. Kev tiv thaiv cua sov los ntawm sab hauv tsev tau ua nrog 60 hli tuab cov qauv. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob yuam kev nrog qhov kev xaiv, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj los suav ua ntej qhov ntev ntawm cov iav ua npuas dej, uas yuav tsum muab cov dej lwg taw tes rau hauv cov khoom siv nws tus kheej, thaum lub ntsuas kub saum qab lub rwb thaiv tsev yuav tsum tsis pub dhau + 3-5 degrees. Kev suav suav suav nrog cov tuab ntawm phab ntsa, nws cov khoom thiab lwm yam tsis. Lub tuab nws yog, qhov loj dua qhov thaiv thaiv yuav tsum yog. Qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau cov insulator no yog muab faib tuab ntawm ib thiab ib nrab cib.
Cov tshuaj granules tau siv los sau cov voids hauv peb-txheej cib ntsa thiab qhov khoob ntawm qhov faib loj thiab npog. Txhawm rau npaj cov tshuaj ua haujlwm, lawv tau ntxiv rau cov kua nplaum thiab sib xyaw kom txog thaum du, thiab tom qab ntawd qhov khoob tau ntim nrog cov sib xyaw.
Ua npuas dej iav yog kho tshuab lossis nrog kua nplaum. Kev xaiv txheej txheem teeb tsa nyob ntawm cov khoom siv uas tau tsim los ntawm phab ntsa (cib, ntoo, pob zeb).
Rwb thaiv tsev khaws nws cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm qhov kub ntawm rho tawm 20 txog rau 50 degrees. Yog tias qhov ntsuas kub siab tshaj +50 degrees, cov blocks poob lawv qhov nruj thiab tuaj yeem hloov lawv cov duab. Cov khoom tsis kub hnyiab, yog li nws feem ntau siv los thaiv cov tsev uas raug hluav taws. Qhov tsis muaj teeb meem tsis zoo yuav ua rau nws siv tau hauv tsev, yog tias tsis muaj lwm txoj hauv kev tiv thaiv cua sov.
Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev siv iav ua npuas dej rau rwb thaiv tsev phab ntsa
Cov khoom siv muaj qhov tshwj xeeb zoo tshaj li feem ntau cov tso cua sov ib txwm hais txog kev ua tau zoo:
- Nws tsis swell los ntawm dej, tsis sag lossis ntsws, nws tiv taus qhov kub hloov pauv tau zoo, yog li cov kab txias tsis ua rau ntawm phab ntsa.
- Ua npuas dej iav tsis raug rau qhov lwj. Nws tsis txaus nyiam rau nas, kab mob me me thiab kab mob. Lub neej ua haujlwm yog txog li 100 xyoo.
- Cov khoom siv tau yooj yim rau txheej txheem, nws tuaj yeem raug laum, txiav, sawed yam tsis muaj kev tsim cov plaub hau thiab sawdust. Kev kho cov pob zeb thaum txhim kho yog nqa tawm sai li sai tau.
- Rwb thaiv tsev mus tau zoo nrog txhua yam khoom siv hauv tsev.
- Cov nplaim ntawm cov nplais muaj ntau qhov txiav ua npuas, yog li txheej txheej tiv thaiv thiab kho kom zoo zoo rau nws.
- Tom qab kev teeb tsa, lub suab rwb thaiv tsev ntawm chav tau nce.
- Cov khoom lag luam yog tus phooj ywg ib puag ncig, nws tuaj yeem siv los tiv thaiv cov tsev nrog kev ua kom huv thiab ua kom huv.
- Cov khoom muaj lub zog zoo thiab feem ntau tsis xav tau kev kho ntxiv thaum txhim kho.
Ntawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm phab ntsa rwb thaiv tsev nrog iav ua npuas, tus nqi siab ntawm cov khoom tuaj yeem raug sau tseg vim yog cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb rau nws cov khoom. Lwm qhov tsis zoo yog qhov tsis kam ua rau poob siab, tab sis phab ntsa tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim rau hom kev ua haujlwm nyuaj.
Phab ntsa rwb thaiv tsev thev naus laus zis nrog iav ua npuas ncauj
Kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev tau ua tiav hauv ob peb theem. Tom qab kev npaj saum npoo, cov txheej txheem tau lo rau saum npoo, thiab tom qab ntawd tiv thaiv thiab pleev xim txheej tau siv rau lawv. Lub peev xwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm nyob ntawm qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm txheej rwb thaiv tsev.
Npaj phab ntsa rau rwb thaiv tsev
Cov iav ua npuas dej ib txwm lo, yog li nws tseem ceeb heev los tshuaj xyuas qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev faib ua ntej thiab tshem tawm nws qhov tsis xws luag:
- Tshem cov av thiab hmoov av los ntawm qhov chaw. Tshem cov roj nplaum nrog cov kuab tshuaj lossis tshuab.
- Xyuas kom lub substrate tsis muaj pwm thiab kab mob. Yog tias tsim nyog, kho thaj chaw muaj teeb meem nrog tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tua kab thiab kab mob tua kab mob.
- Xim cov hlau ntawm phab ntsa nrog cov xim pleev xim los tiv thaiv.
- Coat porous thiab gypsum substrates nrog cov primer pom zoo los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom nplaum.
- Yog tias tsim nyog, qib cov nplais nrog cov cement-sand lossis polymer-mineral mortar, thiab tom qab ntawd thov ua ntej.
Kev xaiv cov nplaum rau kev teeb tsa iav ua npuas dej
Nws raug nquahu kom muab cov thaiv thaiv ntawm cov kua nplaum, uas tau tsim tshwj xeeb rau cov khoom siv no. Cov sib xyaw ua ke suav nrog, piv txwv li, BOTAMETN BM 92 Shnell kua nplaum, ua rau dej-bitumen emulsion. Nws tau muag hauv ob lub ntim, uas muaj cov khoom ua kua thiab qhuav. Txhawm rau npaj qhov sib tov, ncuav qhuav rau hauv cov khoom ua kua thiab sib tov kom huv si.
Kuj tseem muaj kev daws teeb meem thoob ntiaj teb. Piv txwv li, cov laug cam tuaj yeem kho nrog cov nplais nplaum zoo tib yam, rau sab nraum zoov siv nws yuav tsum tiv taus cua sov. Kev daws tau npaj tam sim ua ntej ua haujlwm, vim nws cov khoom nplaum tsis zoo sai sai. 10 feeb tom qab thov rau phab ntsa, tsis muaj dab tsi lo rau nws.
Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob yuam kev nrog xaiv cov nplaum rau iav ua npuas dej, nco ntsoov tias nws ua raws li STB 1072. Nws raug txwv tsis pub siv cov cement-sand mortar thaum lub sijhawm teeb tsa, vim nws tawg thiab ntsws tom qab ziab.
Nta ntawm kev teeb tsa iav ua npuas dej thaum muaj cov hniav zoo nkauj
Txhawm rau kom ua tau zoo ntawm cov cua sov insulator, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los tsim txhua txheej ntawm insulating "ncuav mog qab zib" kom raug. Cladding cov ntaub ntawv muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau kev teeb tsa thev naus laus zis:
- Phab ntsa cladding nrog hnyav pob zeb … Hauv qhov no, iav ua npuas dej tau lo rau qhov muab faib thiab ntxiv nrog kho nrog dowels. Tom qab ua tiav kev teeb tsa ntawm rwb thaiv tsev, sib sau cov hlau txuas txhawm rau txhim kho pob zeb tiav.
- Plaster phab ntsa … Cov nplais tau tsau nrog cov kua nplaum, thiab tom qab ntawd ntxaij tau muab tso rau ntawm nws, uas tau txuas nrog lub disc rub tawm nrog lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws. Tag nrho cov tuab ntawm qhov ua ntej thiab zaum kawg plaster tuaj yeem yog txog 30 hli.
- Phab ntsa rau ntsej muag cib … Hauv qhov no, iav ua npuas ntau yog siv. Thaum txhim kho cov qauv zoo nkauj, tawm qhov sib txawv ntawm 250 hli rau qhov muab faib, uas yog cov cua sov tso rau hauv.
- Profiled ntawv phab ntsa … Qhov saum npoo tau muab qhwv nrog cov phaj, thiab tom qab ntawd cov ntoo crate lossis cov ntawv hlau tau txuas rau nws. Kev teeb tsa ib daim ntawv teev npe tau ua tiav zoo ib yam li kev teeb tsa ntawm lwm qhov chaw.
- Sab hauv phab ntsa … Tom qab ua kom sov nrog iav ua npuas ncauj, pleev xim rau xim tha xim lossis ntawv ntsa. Feem ntau cov ntoo ntoo tau txuas rau nws thiab cov rwb thaiv tsev tau npog nrog cov ntawv plasterboard.
Rwb thaiv tsev ntawm ob txheej txheej phab ntsa nrog iav ua npuas ncauj
Qhov kev xaiv cuam tshuam nrog kev siv ob txheej txheej iav ua npuas dej nrog cov tuab tsis ntau tshaj 100 hli txhua. Nws raug nquahu kom tsim thawj txheej los ntawm cov khoom lag luam ntawm tuab tuab (40-60 mm), qhov thib ob-los ntawm cov blocks ntawm 80-100 mm.
Kev ua haujlwm tuaj yeem ua tiav ntawm qhov kub ntawm +5 txog +30 degrees. Qee qhov xwm txheej, piv txwv li, thaum siv cov txheej txheej ntxiv, nws raug tso cai ua kom sov ntawm qhov kub ntawm qhov rho tawm 15. Yog tias kev ua haujlwm tau ua tiav nyob rau theem ntawm kev tsim kho lub tsev, tsawg kawg 6 lub hlis yuav tsum dhau tom qab kev tsim kho lub thawv
Hauv qab ntawm phab ntsa sab nrauv, tsim kom muaj kab rov tav uas thawj kab ntawm cov ntawv yuav haum. Feem ntau qhov no yog cov hlau tuav ruaj ntawm theem pib / plinth. Nws yuav tso cai rau koj kom tau txais ib qho zoo kawg nkaus txawm tias txheej.
Rau gluing thawj txheej ntawm cov thaiv, kev daws teeb meem yog ua raws ib puag ncig ntawm daim ntawv hauv kab txaij los ntawm 2 txog 5 cm dav. Nrog rwb thaiv tsev sab nrauv, qhov kawg ntawm daim hlau kuj tseem tau lubricated nrog cov muaj pes tsawg leeg, nrog rwb thaiv tsev sab hauv lawv tau qhuav qhuav. Thov ib txheej nplaum rau ntawm phab ntsa thiab du nrog lub trowel ib yam.
Muab thawj daim ntawv me ntsis tso rau saum lub hauv paus kab rov tav thiab txav nws mus rau lub ris tso rau hauv cov lus tsa suab. Nias lub vaj huam sib luag tiv thaiv saum npoo thiab coj maj mam nrog koj txhais tes. Txwv tsis pub siv rauj.
Ua ntej gluing cov ntawv tom ntej, xub txuas lawv mus rau lawv qhov chaw ib txwm muaj thiab tshawb xyuas qhov xwm txheej ntawm qhov kawg nrog cov uas twb tau glued lawm. Hloov cov khoom yog tsim nyog. Tom qab gluing, nias lub vaj huam sib luag nrog 500 hli ntev ntoo ntab, ua kom nws nrog cov rwb thaiv tsev uas twb muaj lawm. Tshem cov kua nplaum uas tau nyem tawm thiab tsoo qhov kawg. Rho cov ntawv txheeb hauv tib txoj kev.
Teem cov kab ntawm kab thib ob nrog kev txiav kom ntseeg tau tias cov nqaws tau khi ncaj los ntawm yam tsawg 50 hli. Txheeb xyuas lub tiaj tiaj ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev nrog tus kav ntev. Tshem tawm qhov tsis xws luag los ntawm kev xuab zeb.
Docking modules tsis raug tso cai ntawm cov ces kaum ntawm qhov qhib. Hauv cov chaw no, cov thaiv yuav tsum tau lo nrog bandaging thiab sib tshooj. Txiav tawm qhov feem ntau tom qab cov kua nplaum tau teeb tsa. Lub tuab ntawm cov iav ua npuas dej rau insulating qhov nqes ntawm qhov rooj thiab qhib qhov rai yog 20 hli.
Nws tsis pom zoo kom txav cov ntawv uas twb muaj lawm, nws yog qhov zoo dua los rhuav lawv thiab kho lawv dua. Nws tsis raug tso cai rau qib ntawm cov nplooj ntawv uas nyob ib sab nrog kua nplaum.
Cov vaj huam sib luag yuav tsum tau nias nruj nreem rau ib leeg. Yog tias muaj qhov khoob nruab nrab ntawm lawv, kaw lawv nrog cov iav ua npuas ncauj.
Yog tias txheej txheej zoo nkauj hnyav tau npaj, ntxiv rau txhim kho txhua daim ntawv rau ntawm phab ntsa nrog ob lub dowels. Lawv tau teeb tsa tom qab tso lub reinforcing mesh rau ntawm plaster. Kev siv "L-shaped" kev sib txuas rau kev kho kuj tseem txhawb nqa, tab sis lawv yuav tsum tau kos rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm theem ntawm nws kev tsim kho.
Thaum txhim kho rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cov ntoo, nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias ntoo tau raug cua sov nthuav dav, yog li siv cov khoom tshwj xeeb tshwj xeeb xwb. Rauj hauv cov dowels tsuas yog tom qab cov nplaum tau ua kom tiav tag. Thauj tog rau nkoj tuaj yeem siv los kho cov ntawv. Lawv raug nias mus rau qhov kawg ntawm lub phaj thiab tsav mus rau hauv phab ntsa nrog rab phom tshwj xeeb.
Khaws nkaus xwb tag nrho cov pob zeb nyob ze qhov rai thiab qhov rooj qhib. Tsis muaj cov cuab yeej txiav tshwj xeeb xav tau los txiav cov pob zeb, koj tuaj yeem siv lub hacksaw.
Ua cov txheej txheej thib ob ntawm rwb thaiv tsev tom qab cov kua nplaum tau ua kom tawv tawv ntawm thawj. Nco ntsoov tias cov dowels ntawm thawj txheej tau rov qab rau hauv iav ua npuas thiab tsis cuam tshuam nrog kev teeb tsa ntawm kab sab nrauv.
Siv cov kua nplaum rau ntawm txheej txheej thib ob mus rau tag nrho saum npoo thiab du nrog lub thav duab tsis zoo. Thaum txhim kho cov khoom, tso nws kom cov nqaws ntawm thawj txheej sib tshooj. Tom qab cov nplaum tau qhuav lawm, ua qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tiv thaiv thiab kho kom zoo nkauj.
Rau sab nrauv kho kom zoo nkauj phab ntsa, nws raug tso cai siv plaster raws cov pob zeb hauv av thiab cov ntxhia polymer. Siv cov xim pleev xim xwb. Thaum ua tiav kev ua haujlwm, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los tsim kab rov tav nqaim sib koom nrog cov tuab ntawm 5 txog 10 hli (ntawm qib ntawm kev cuam tshuam hauv pem teb).
Siv cov qib plaster rau iav ua npuas hauv cov kab hauv qab no:
- Npog tag nrho saum npoo nrog txheej txheej ntxhib.
- Muab cov nplaum serpyanka ntxig rau nws.
- Ua haujlwm hla lub mesh nrog lub dav spatula thiab tso nws rau hauv cov tshuaj khib. Cov cuab yeej yuav tsum txav mus rau ib qho kev qhia, piv txwv li kab rov tav.
- Thov lub tsho loj thib ob, ua kom tiaj tus.
- Tom qab ziab, kho saum npoo nrog tshwj xeeb tes txhuam.
- Thawj phab ntsa.
- Thov muab cov tshuaj txhuam kom zoo.
- Tom qab ziab, xuab zeb nws nrog cov ntawv xuab zeb zoo thiab rov ua dua.
Qhov saum npoo npaj txhij rau pleev xim los yog wallpapering. Xws li lub hauv paus tsis ntshai cua sov, nag lossis daus thiab te.
Ua npuas dej iav rwb thaiv tsev ntawm peb txheej phab ntsa
Cov iav ua npuas ncauj kuj tseem siv ua txheej nruab nrab hauv peb txheej cib txheej. Txoj kev tiv thaiv kab mob no zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau theem ntawm kev tsim lub tsev. Nws yuav tsum ua raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm SNiP 2.01.07. Cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog qhov tuab ntawm lub hauv paus uas ua los ntawm cov khoom sib txawv, uas ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm kev siv iav ua npuas, nrog rau cov piv txwv ntawm kev suav ntawm qhov tso cai thauj khoom ua haujlwm ntawm txhua txheej.
Sequence thaum ua haujlwm nrog peb txheej phab ntsa:
- Erection ntawm cov kabmob puag.
- Fastening ua npuas ncauj iav thaiv rau muab faib. Kev teeb tsa cov ntawv tau ua tiav hauv ib ntu ib yam li thaum insulating phab ntsa ob txheej.
- Ceev mus rau saum npoo ntawm cov hlau hloov pauv tau yooj yim uas yuav tuav lub ntsej muag muab faib. Rau qhov no, qhov yog ua los ntawm cov hauv paus los ntawm cov ntawv, uas cov dowels nrog pins raug hammered. Kev sib txuas tuaj yeem kho tau rau cov ntu txawm tias nyob rau theem ntawm lawv kev tsim kho. Hauv qhov no, rau kev teeb tsa cov khoom lag luam, qhov rau kev sib txuas ua ntej ua ntej hauv lawv.
- Feem ntau 1 m2 phab ntsa ntsib yog tuav los ntawm 5-7 cov ntsiab lus hloov pauv. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntsia hlau tau teeb tsa nyob ib puag ncig ntawm qhov qhib, ntawm kab kab, hauv cov ces kaum.
- Kev txhim kho ntawm phab ntsa ntsib. Feem ntau nws cov tuab tsis tshaj 120 hli. Thaum lub sijhawm tsim kho, qhov sib txawv ntawm 30-50 hli yog sab laug rau txheej rwb thaiv tsev uas cov cua tuaj yeem txav tau.
Yuav ua li cas insulate phab ntsa nrog iav ua npuas ncauj - saib cov vis dis aus:
Ua npuas dej iav tsis ntev los no tau siv rau cov cua sov rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cov phab ntsa, thiab ntau tus neeg siv tseem tsis paub cov qauv uas qhov khoom siv tau raug tshuaj xyuas. Yog li ntawd, peb pom zoo yuav cov khoom lag luam los ntawm cov tuam txhab tsim kev paub zoo, uas tau lees tias lub neej ua haujlwm ntev ntawm cov khoom.
