Dab tsi yog daim ntawv thov iav ua kua thiab cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv, qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm thev naus laus zis, yuav ua li cas npaj cov nplaim rau rwb thaiv tsev, ua haujlwm tseem ceeb, ua tiav cov rwb thaiv tsev nrog cov vuas. Cov iav ua kua rau ntawm phab ntsa yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo kom ua haujlwm dej tsis tau sai thiab muaj txiaj ntsig. Cov thev naus laus zis tau siv dav hauv chav nrog qib siab ntawm cov av noo: saunas, chav dej, qhov dej, chaw cia khoom, thiab lwm yam.
Taw qhia rau iav kua
Silicate kua nplaum los yog, raws li nws tau hu ua, kua iav tau npaj hauv lub hoobkas. Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb yog sib tov ntawm dej qab zib (potash) nrog silicon dioxide. Vim li ntawd, tau txais cov khoom dawb lossis pob tshab crystalline. Muaj ntau hom iav kua: potassium, sodium, potassium-sodium, sodium-potassium.
Cov sodium ntau yam tau siv dav hauv kev tsim ua haujlwm. Feem ntau, cov tshuaj silicate diluted nrog dej tau siv. Cov kua nplaum silicate siv rau saum npoo cuam tshuam nrog cov pa roj carbon dioxide uas muaj nyob hauv huab cua thiab yog li ua kom tawv. Ntoo qhov chaw kho nrog iav kua tau tiv thaiv los ntawm cov kab mob thiab pwm thiab, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb, muaj hluav taws tiv taus.
Cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb rau kev thov rau ntoo lossis cov cement-qhob nto yog txhuam txhuam los yog rab phom tsuag. Thaum siv rab phom txau raws li cov cuab yeej siv, yuav tsum siv cov kua dej ntawm cov tshuaj silicate 1: 5.
Cov txheej silicate tau thov rau sab nrauv ntawm cov ntoo ntoo, maj mam nce nws tib lub sijhawm. Nws raug nquahu kom nqes ntoo me me nyob hauv cov kua iav kua. Ua ntej koj pib tso cov vuas lossis cov phab ntsa ntub dej, koj yuav tsum tau siv cov iav ua kua los tiv thaiv kom pom cov pwm thiab kab mob, ntxiv rau tiv thaiv cov khoom puas. Scope ntawm kev siv silicate:
- Kev sib txuas ntawm cov plooj (porcelain), qhov zoo, cov iav iav;
- Waterproofing ua hauj lwm;
- Kev ua tiav ntawm cov nplaim: pob zeb, pob zeb, plastered;
- Tso cov linoleum, PVC vuas;
- Ua putties rau dej thiab cam khwb cia hlau;
- Kev ua ntoo txiav tom qab pruning.
Silicate kua nplaum yog siv dav rau kev npaj cov kua qaub-tiv taus cov cement thiab pob zeb ua ke, rau kev tsim cov xim pleev xim thiab txhua yam impregnations rau ntoo, rau gluing cov ntaub ntawv cellulose. Ua ke cov cawv, cov xuab zeb zoo, cov iav ua kua, lawv tsim cov phaj "ceramic", uas, tom qab tua ntawm 1000 degrees, ua cov pwm rau tsim cov khoom lag luam hlau. Silicate yog ib feem ntawm ntau yam khoom siv hauv tsev: primers, fillers.
Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov iav ua kua yog nws cov dej tsis haum. Rau qhov no, cov rwb thaiv tsev tau ua ke nrog cov cement los yog qhob cug hauv qhov sib piv ntawm 1:10. Txhawm rau txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov dej hauv av, nws raug nquahu kom ntim lawv nrog txheej ntxiv iav, 3 hli tuab.
Thaum ua haujlwm tiav ntawm cov qhov dej tsis muaj dej, sib xyaw silicate nrog cov cement thiab cov xuab zeb zoo siv. Lub qhov dej tau kho ua ntej nrog lub rwb thaiv tsev, tom qab ntawd siv cov tshuaj daws. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov tias thaum thov txheej txheej silicate, nws tsis tas yuav tsum tau tos kom nws ua kom tiav, vim tias cov iav ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom tsis ua rau muaj qhov ua tau zoo rau cov primer lossis putty.
Plaster tsis muaj dej, uas koj tuaj yeem npaj koj tus kheej, yuav pab tiv thaiv phab ntsa los ntawm ya raws: ua ke ntawm cov iav kua nrog cov cement thiab cov xuab zeb hauv qhov sib piv 1: 2: 5.
Cov iav ua kua tau siv rau tso cov qhov cub thiab lub qhov cub; rau qhov no, kev daws teeb meem tau npaj hauv qhov sib piv: 1 feem ntawm cov cement, 3 feem ntawm cov xuab zeb thiab silicate hauv qhov sib npaug li 1/5 ntawm cov cement-sand mortar, tom qab ntawd dej yog hliv.
Kev sib xyaw ua ke iav (1 feem), txiv qaub slaked (1 feem) thiab av nplaum (1 feem) ua rau nws tuaj yeem ua kua nplaum ntuj pob zeb.
Cov cua sov uas tiv taus cua sov, ua los ntawm cov kua iav, tso cai rau koj los lo lub qhov rooj qhov cub. Ntxiv cov iav kua rau cov xim ua rau cov khoom tiv taus txhua yam huab cua.
Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov iav ua kua rau phab ntsa
Daim ntawv thov iav ua kua rau saum npoo muab nws qhov zoo hauv qab no:
- Ua tau ntev, vim tias txheej nrog cov iav ua kua ua rau cov khoom nyuaj, thiab yog li ntawd nce nws lub zog.
- Dej tsis kam, vim cov kua iav muaj cov dej tsis zoo. Tau kho sab nrauv ntawm cov ntoo ntoo nrog txheej txheej ntawm silicate, koj tuaj yeem hnov qab txog kev ya raws puas tsuaj ntev.
- Cov kua iav ua tshuaj tua kab mob pab tiv thaiv qhov chaw ntawm pwm thiab kab mob.
- Kev tiv thaiv hluav taws, txij li cov khoom tiv thaiv dej tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus.
- Kev tiv thaiv tshav kub: Silicate tuaj yeem tiv taus kev kho cua sov txog li 1000 degrees Celsius.
- Tiv thaiv cov txheej txheem kho los ntawm kev tawm tsam tshuaj.
- Kev nyab xeeb ib puag ncig: silicate muaj kev nyab xeeb rau tib neeg thiab ib puag ncig.
- Cov av thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv dej.
- Kev yooj yim siv: silicate tuaj yeem siv tau yooj yim rau saum npoo nrog txhuam lossis rab phom tsuag.
Txawm li cas los xij, kev kho cov phab ntsa nrog cov iav ua kua tsis haum rau cov xwm txheej no thaum txheej txheej txheej tau npaj los pleev xim rau saum. Ib zaj yeeb yaj kiab yuav tsim rau saum npoo av, uas yuav tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob pleev xim rau saum nws.
Tshuab siv cov iav ua kua rau phab ntsa
Kev tiv thaiv dej nrog silicate tsis nyuaj li nws yuav zoo li xub thawj. Tab sis koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo kawm txhua theem ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab khaws cov cuab yeej tsim nyog.
Kev npaj ua haujlwm
Ua ntej tshaj plaws, chav uas yuav tsum tau kho nrog cov kua nplaum silicate tau ntxuav ntawm cov av, khib nyiab, kab mob thiab lwm yam kab mob. Cov ntsej muag uas yog ntoo yuav tsum tau muab txhuam nrog daim ntaub tawm ua ntej thov siv cov tshuaj silicate.
Silicate kua nplaum yog siv nrog txhuam, txhuam lossis rab phom tsuag, nyob ntawm qhov ua haujlwm tau ua tiav. Txawm hais tias cov iav kua yog cov tshuaj tsis muaj tshuaj lom, kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau ua hauv cov khoom tiv thaiv tus kheej (tsom iav, hnab looj tes), thiab tom qab ua lawv, ntxuav koj txhais tes kom huv nrog dej sov. Nws raug nquahu kom khaws cov kua nplaum silicate hauv cov thawv kaw.
Yog tias tag nrho cov kev ntsuas saum toj no tau ua tiav, koj tuaj yeem pib tsim txheej txheej dej tsis sib haum.
Cov lus qhia ib kauj ruam-ib-kauj ruam rau kev thov ua kua iav rau phab ntsa
Kho kom raug raws li thev naus laus zis rau kev npaj cov tshuaj yog qhov tseem ceeb heev, vim nws cuam tshuam rau qhov txiaj ntsig kawg. Yog tias kev tiv thaiv phab ntsa nrog cov iav ua kua yog qhov tsim nyog, tom qab ntawd ua ke ntawm silicate thiab cement lossis qhob ua ke ua ke ntawm 1:10 yog siv rau nws. Qhov kev daws teeb meem tuaj yeem siv ua cov khoom tiv thaiv dej hauv chav da dej, pas dej da dej, hauv qab daus, qhov dej, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm nce lawv cov kev pab cuam lub neej. Qhov no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov cheeb tsam uas cov av noo siab heev.
Yog tias nws yog qhov tsim nyog los npaj cov cement-resistant cement, ces nws tsim nyog sib tov dej iav nrog cov cement hauv 1: 1 ua ke. Txhawm rau nce cov khoom tiv thaiv dej ntawm cov pas dej, sab hauv thiab sab nrauv kho nrog iav kua ua tiav. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm sab hauv, cov khoom siv rau phab ntsa hauv 2-3 txheej nrog txhuam lossis rab phom tsuag, uas tso cai ua kom cov dej tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv dej hauv pas dej. Tab sis kuj tseem muaj qhov cuam tshuam sab nraud ntawm cov dej hauv av ntawm cov pas dej, hauv qhov no nws tau kho nrog kev daws cov cement thiab kua iav.
Lub algorithm ua haujlwm yog raws li hauv qab no:
- Cov khoom siv tiv thaiv dej tau npaj rau saum npoo. Nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias txhua qhov kev daws teeb meem suav nrog cov iav iav ua kom nrawm heev, yog li daim ntawv thov yuav tsum tau ua sai sai.
- Muaj peev xwm nkag mus rau txhua qhov tsis xws luag thiab qhov crevices, kua iav rau phab ntsa npog saum npoo kom raug kho kom tiav, thiab qhov no tiv thaiv nws los ntawm cov teeb meem tsis zoo ntawm dej thiab huab cua.
- Txhawm rau tsim cov txheej txheej tsis muaj dej, lub hauv paus tau npog nrog ob txheej ntawm cov kua nplaum silicate, txhua tus yuav tsum qhuav kom zoo.
- Tom qab ua tiav daim ntawv thov iav kua rau ntawm phab ntsa, tom qab kwv yees li ib hnub, koj tuaj yeem pleev xim rau saum npoo lossis tso cov vuas.
Kev siv cov iav ua kua tsis tsuas yog ua rau cov dej tsis zoo ntawm cov nplaim dej, tab sis kuj tseem txo tus nqi ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Ua tsaug rau qhov no, cov tshuaj khib nyiab silicate yog cov khoom siv tsis hloov pauv hauv kev tsim kho.
Kev ua tiav nto
Tam sim no cia peb mus rau qhov ua tiav ntawm qhov chaw hauv chav dej, uas yog cov phab ntsa cladding nrog cov vuas. Nws ua 2 txoj haujlwm ib zaug: tiv thaiv thiab kho kom zoo nkauj. Ntawd yog, nws tiv thaiv phab ntsa los ntawm ya raws, ntub, ntawm ib sab. Ntawm qhov tod tes, nws tsim cov tsos ntawm chav dej.
Hauv kev ua tiav, ntau yam ntawm cov nplais tuaj yeem siv. Cov pobzeb tau muab cais raws li tsib tus qauv ntawm lub zog, qhov thib tsib yog qhov ruaj khov tshaj plaws, nws tau siv los npog cov plag tsev hauv cov chav ntawd uas muaj neeg coob txaus. Rau chav dej hauv chav tsev, cov phab ntsa tau ua nrog cov vuas ntawm qib thib ib lossis qib ob ntawm lub zog.
Thaum xaiv cov nplais, nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account qib ntawm nws cov nqus dej noo, yog li ntawd, cov khoom lag luam nrog cov cim Ia, Ib, IIa, IIb tau siv.
Txij li cov vuas tau tsim los ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev, nws raug nquahu kom coj cov khoom lag luam me me rau cov chav me me, uas yuav tso cai rau lawv kom haum haum rau sab hauv ntawm chav dej.
Cov khoom lag luam feem ntau yog cov duab plaub lossis duab plaub, tab sis kuj muaj ntau yam, ua haujlwm nrog cov nplais yog qhov nyuaj, tab sis koj tuaj yeem ua ntau yam sib xyaw nrog nws. Thaum xaiv cov duab ntawm cov khoom, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov loj ntawm chav. Nrog cov vuas voos uas tau muab tso rau ntsug, qhov siab ntawm lub qab nthab tuaj yeem nce ntxiv.
Hauv cov khw muag khoom, muaj ntau yam dawb matte thiab cov vuas ci ci, nrog rau cov vuas txawv, ntau yam ciam teb uas tso cai rau koj ua kom muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke. Kuj tseem muaj cov pobzeb nyem rau ntawm kev muag, uas tau pom zoo kom muab tso rau hauv pem teb, uas yuav tiv thaiv koj txhais taw los ntawm kev plam hauv av.
Txhawm rau txhawm rau phab ntsa, tus tswv xav tau cov cuab yeej hauv qab no:
- Tus kav, qib rau kev txheeb xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm kab;
- Tshwj xeeb spatula nrog cov hniav, txhuam xim;
- Pobzeb cutter lossis grinder rau txiav cov vuas;
- Rau grouting, siv lub trowel nrog lub hauv paus roj hmab;
- Grout rau pob qij txha;
- Cov kua nplaum los kho cov vuas;
- Yas hla rau kev ua kom deb ntawm cov nqaws.
Cov vuas tau muab tso rau ntawm cov kua nplaum npaj raws li cov lus pom zoo txuas. Cov kua nplaum yuav tsum tau sib xyaw kom zoo, rau qhov no lawv siv lub laum nrog lub taub hau, vim nws tsis tuaj yeem ua kom muaj homogeneous loj los ntawm txhais tes.
Ua ntej koj pib ua pobzeb, kos kab rov tav, kab ncaj ncaj hla chav kom pab koj tso cov vuas zoo tib yam. Pobzeb tso lus pom zoo:
- Cov khoom lag luam pib tso los ntawm hauv qab, feem ntau yog los ntawm kab thib ob, hla thawj.
- Cov kua nplaum npaj tau siv rau saum npoo kom raug kho siv spatula nrog cov hniav.
- Cov vuas tsis raug nias tawm tsam phab ntsa khov kho, vim tias muaj zog ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau deformation.
- Txhawm rau kom muaj kev sib txig sib luag ntawm cov nqaws ntawm cov vuas, cov yas hla tau siv, lawv raug tshem tawm ua ntej cov kua nplaum ua kom tawv.
- Yog tias cov vuas yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv cov ces kaum lossis hauv qhov chaw uas muaj cov kav dej, lawv yuav tsum tau txiav. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, lawv tso siab rau kev pab ntawm cov cuab yeej zoo li cov nplais txiav lossis tshuab zom.
- Txheeb xyuas ib ntus seb txheej txheem txheej txheem txheej txheem puas ua haujlwm raug, siv qib thiab kab txaij, nias lub pobzeb nthuav tawm nrog cov yas roj hmab.
- Cov txheej hauv qab tau tso zaum kawg.
Thaum chav tsev tau ua pobzeb, nws raug tso cai kom qhuav thiab ib hnub tom qab, pib tsim cov grouting. Grout yog lub tsev sib xyaw uas cov nqaws tau rub, nws tau xaiv kom haum cov xim ntawm cov nplais. Nws tsis tsuas yog muaj nuj nqi zoo nkauj, tab sis kuj muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ya raws.
Ua ntawv thov cov lus pom zoo saum toj no, koj tuaj yeem tso cov vuas hauv chav dej ntawm koj tus kheej, yam tsis muaj kev pab los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij.
Yuav thov cov iav kua rau phab ntsa li cas - saib cov vis dis aus:
Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom los ntawm cov khoom siv, phab ntsa npog nrog iav ua kua yog lub tsev thev naus laus zis tiag tiag uas haum rau ntau hom chaw. Nws tau ua tiav sai txaus, thiab nrog kev saib xyuas zoo, qhov rwb thaiv tsev tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau ntau dua kaum xyoo.
