Nws yog qhov yooj yim los tsim lub tsev da dej ntoo nrog chav nthab ntawm koj tus kheej, yog tias koj coj mus rau hauv tus account tag nrho cov nuances thaum tsim thiab xaiv qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw. Nws yog nyob rau hauv cov subtleties uas peb yuav xam nws tawm. Cov ntsiab lus:
- Xaiv cov ntaub ntawv
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Kev tsim kho nta
- Lub hauv paus
- Phab ntsa
- Ru tsev
- Chav tsev nthab
- Ntiv taw
- Sab nrauv tiav
- Sab hauv cladding
Nruab ib chav ntxiv saum chav chav muaj ntau yam zoo. Hauv nthab, koj tuaj yeem nruab chav billiard lossis chav qhua. Txhawm rau tsim lub tsev da dej nrog nthab nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes, koj yuav tsum xub txiav txim siab nws qhov chaw nyob ntawm qhov chaw thiab xaiv qhov haujlwm. Thov nco ntsoov tias raws li txoj cai kev nyab xeeb ntawm hluav taws, nws tsis tuaj yeem tso ze dua 10 metres mus rau lwm lub tsev yog tias ntoo tau npaj cua sov thiab ze dua 5 yog tias muaj roj lossis hluav taws xob. Lub tsev da dej yuav tsum tau ua kom deb ntawm ntau dua 2.5 metres los ntawm qhov chaw nyob sib ze thiab 20 metres los ntawm qhov dej thiab qhov dej.
Xaiv cov ntaub ntawv rau kev tsim kho chav da dej nrog nthab
Kev da dej nrog lub nthab tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm cov khoom sib txawv. Txhua ntawm lawv muaj nws tus kheej qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo:
- Glued laminated ntoo … Cov khoom siv hauv eco thiab ruaj khov. Txawm li cas los xij, nws nyuaj heev los ua ke lub tsev log nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes. Ib qho ntxiv, cov qauv no, vim nws qhov hnyav, cuam tshuam nrog kev nchuav cov hauv paus ruaj khov. Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account tias lub thav duab yuav tsum tau shrinkage, thiab yog li ntawd cov txheej txheem kev tsim kho ntawm cov chav chav no tuaj yeem siv li ib xyoos lossis ob xyoos.
- Rounded cav … Lwm hom khoom ntuj thiab ib puag ncig zoo rau kev tsim kho chav da dej. Thaum lub sijhawm ua cov txheej txheem, qhov tsis muaj zog tshaj plaws raug tshem tawm los ntawm cov cav - cov ntoo. Cov txheej uas seem yog qhov muaj zog thiab muaj peev xwm tiv taus cov haujlwm tseem ceeb, suav nrog = hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov nthab hauv tsev. Cov log sib dhos tsis xav tau kev ua tiav sab nrauv ntxiv, lawv saib zoo nkauj thiab ntxim nyiam. Nws yog txaus tsuas yog qhib lawv nrog cov hluav taws kub retardants thiab impregnations los ntawm kev lwj. Ntawm qhov tsis zoo, ib tus tuaj yeem txiav tawm qhov hnyav ntawm cov qauv no, uas, zoo li hauv rooj plaub dhau los, xav tau lub hauv paus ntxiv.
- Cib … Nws yog qhov txawv los ntawm nws qhov ua tau ntev thiab tsis xav tau caulking, zoo li lub cav ntoo. Txawm li cas los xij, cov qauv no yuav raug nqi ntau dua.
- Ncej-vaj huam sib luag sauna … Cov thev naus laus zis no tau dhau los tsis ntev los no vim nws tus nqi pheej yig, nrawm thiab yooj yim teeb tsa.
Yog tias nws tau txiav txim siab nrog cov khoom siv, koj tuaj yeem npaj mus rau qhov kev xaiv ntawm ib qhov dej num nrog chav da dej. Txiav txim siab txog qhov loj ntawm lub tsev yav tom ntej thiab nws cov txheej txheem. Yog tias koj xav tau, koj tuaj yeem xaj tsim cov phiaj xwm phiaj xwm, suav nrog txhua qhov kev xav tau hauv cov chaw ua haujlwm vaj tsev, tab sis qhov no yog tus nqi ntxiv.
Nta ntawm kev tsim kho chav da dej nrog nthab los ntawm ib lub bar
Xav txog thev naus laus zis ntawm kev tsim chav da dej nrog nthab los ntawm ib lub bar. Xws li lub tsev raug suav tias yog "classic". Glued laminated ntoo tau txais koob meej vim nws qhov ua tau zoo thiab tus nqi qis. Kev tsim kho los ntawm cov khoom siv no yuav raug nqi ntau dua li, piv txwv li, los ntawm cov cav sib npaug. Cov neeg tsim khoom siv ntoo coniferous ua raw khoom rau ntoo, uas tau ua tib zoo xeb thiab kho nrog tshuaj tua kab mob. Rau gluing tiav lamellas, siv cov kua nplaum tsis muaj tshuaj lom uas tsis muaj tshuaj lom. Kev tsim kho ntawm laminated veneer lumber yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm noo noo thiab tiv taus tshav kub. Koj tuaj yeem xaj kom tsim cov khoom ntawm qhov xav tau lub cev thiab qhov loj me.
Lub hauv paus rau lub tsev da dej nrog lub nthab ua los ntawm laminated veneer ntoo
Txij li ib lub tsev thaiv ua los ntawm kab teeb thiab cav ntoo hnyav heev, peb tsim nws ntawm lub hauv paus sawb.
Peb ua li no:
- Peb khawb qhov nqes dej raws qhov ib puag ncig ntawm lub pas dej yav tom ntej hauv qab qhov txias txias los ntawm 20-30 cm. Rau txhua hom av - sib txawv qhov tob. Tsis tas li, qhov tob ntawm khov yog nyob ntawm thaj chaw.
- Peb sau ib txheej ntawm cov xuab zeb 15 cm, ncuav nws nrog dej thiab ua tib zoo tamp nws.
- Peb txhim kho cov formwork los ntawm cov laug cam nyob ib puag ncig.
- Sab hauv, peb teeb tsa lub thav duab nrog cov cell ntawm 10-15 cm los ntawm kev txhawb nqa nrog txoj kab uas hla 0.8-1 cm.
- Peb npaj cov tshuaj tov: 1 feem ntawm cov cement, 3 feem ntawm cov xuab zeb thiab 5 feem ntawm pob zeb. Nws yog qhov ua tau zoo dua los siv cov khoom sib xyaw ua vaj tsev.
- Peb nchuav pob zeb thiab tso nws kom qhuav rau 21-28 hnub, tom qab uas peb tshem tawm cov qauv tsim. Hauv huab cua sov, cov qauv yuav tsum tau txau nrog dej 5-7 zaug hauv ib hnub rau tag nrho thawj lub lim tiam thiab 2-3 zaug ntxiv rau tom ntej.
Sib dhos cov phab ntsa da dej nrog nthab
Ua ntej koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab txog txoj hauv kev txuas cov tuav thiab, yog tias tsim nyog, ua qhov khoob nrog cov saw hlau. Yog tias koj xaj ntoo los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom, koj tuaj yeem xaiv tus qauv nrog qhov khoob uas npaj tau.
Cov phab ntsa ntawm chav da dej tau sib sau ua ke hauv qab no:
- Peb npog lub hauv paus nrog txheej txheej dej tsis huv. Qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj yog cov khoom vov tsev.
- Peb nruab cov laug cam 5 cm tuab nyob rau sab saum toj kom tiv thaiv rotting ntawm kab qis ntawm lub tsev log.
- Peb tso thawj kab ntoo, txuas dovetail, pos-zawj, lossis tsuas yog ib lub hlis twg ua ke nrog cov kab ke.
- Peb kho cov qauv nrog cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab cov tshuaj tua hluav taws.
- Peb txheeb xyuas qhov sib npaug ntawm kab pheeb ces kaum ntawm txhua lub duab plaub sab hauv.
- Peb txuas kab thib ob nrog stainless hlau dowels thiab ua ke nrog thawj. Lawv yuav tsum dag nruj me ntsis hauv tib lub dav hlau. Txhawm rau nrawm, koj tseem tuaj yeem siv cov ntoo ntoo kho nrog tshuaj tua kab mob.
- Ib yam nkaus, peb tso cov kab hauv qab no raws li cov phiaj xwm mus rau qhov chaw ntawm qab nthab.
- Peb txiav hauv qab nthab kab teeb nrog tuab txog 5 cm. Lawv yuav tsum tau muab txuas kom meej meej nyob rau hauv ib txoj hauj lwm perpendicular. Lawv tseem yuav suav ua nthab pem teb.
- Peb txuas ntxiv teeb tsa phab ntsa nrog kab teeb mus rau qhov siab ntawm 1-1, 5 metres los ntawm kab hauv pem teb.
- Ob kab teeb sab saud tsis tas yuav tsum sib dhos ua ke kom txog thaum lub thav duab nqaim tag.
Kev npaj ntawm lub ru tsev rau chav da dej nrog nthab
Lub ru tsev rau da dej nrog lub nthab yog qhov kev xaiv tsis lees txais. Tsis tas li, lub gable rafter system nyob deb ntawm qhov pom tau zoo. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj los xaiv "ru tsev tawg" qhov project. Hauv qhov no, lub rafters qis "txhais ceg" tau muab tso rau ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm 75 degrees, sab saud - ntawm qib 30 degrees mus rau lub qab ntug. Yog li, koj tuaj yeem tau txais chav puv puv. Lub rafter tawg system yog qhov nyuaj heev los ua:
- Peb muab U-shaped ntoo thav duab rau kab hauv pem teb.
- Peb sib sau ua ke lub rooj zaum ua los ntawm ntoo hauv av.
- Peb txiav txim siab lub qab nthab yav tom ntej ntawm lub nthab nrog qhov siab ntawm 2 meters thiab teeb tsa kab teeb ntawm theem no.
- Peb sau lub crate thiab npog nws nrog txheej txheej tiv thaiv dej (lub ru tsev xav).
- Peb nruab cov khoom vov tsev. Qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau lub ru tsev yog hlau lossis cov ntawv vov tsev.
Yog tias xav tau, koj tuaj yeem suav nrog hauv cov khoom siv hauv tsev nthab qhov rai uas tau teeb tsa ntawm lub ru tsev nqes hav.
TSEEM CEEB! Qhov ntsuas ntawm lub rafter system yuav tsum tau muab xam kom meej, vim tias lub nthab tau npaj rau chav nyob, uas koj tuaj yeem sawv ntsug txog nws qhov siab thiab ua qee qhov txav mus los.
Kev npaj ntawm nthab hauv chav da dej
Koj tuaj yeem pib npaj qhov chaw nthab tam sim tom qab lub ru tsev npaj tiav. Yog tias nws yuav tsum tau siv chav thib ob hauv lub caij txias, tom qab ntawd peb insulate nws nrog cov ntawv ci cua sov. Muaj nteg txheej rwb thaiv tsev los ntawm sab hauv ntawm lub nthab, peb txhim kho cov zaj duab xis tiv thaiv zaj duab xis rau saum nws. Peb sheathe cov phab ntsa hauv lub nthab nrog clapboard zoo ib yam li hauv lwm qhov chaw nyob ntawm chav da dej.
Nco ntsoov tias lub nthab ntawm chav da dej yog qhov txawv ntawm nthab ntawm lwm qhov chaw nyob. Qhov no yog vim qhov kub nyob hauv chav qis thiab cov av noo siab. Txhawm rau zam kom tsis txhob muaj cov av nyob hauv nthab, koj yuav tsum saib xyuas txheej tshwj xeeb ntawm ob plag tsev. Txhawm rau ua kom muaj kev cuam tshuam sib tshooj, peb nteg txheej txheej ntawm vapor barrier hauv nthab, tom qab ntawd lub rhaub. Peb txhim kho pem teb tiav los ntawm cov khoom siv hauv pem teb.
Koj yuav tsum tau saib xyuas cov teeb pom kev zoo hauv lub nthab, vim tias tej zaum yuav tsis muaj qhov rai txaus. Ua ntej pib ua haujlwm tiav, nqa cov thaiv mus rau hauv chav tsev thib ob.
Erection of stairs mus rau lub nthab ntawm tus da dej
Cov ntaiv mus rau nthab tuaj yeem yuav tau npaj ua, tab sis muaj qhov pheej hmoo tias nws yuav tsis haum rau qhov ntev ntawm chav da dej. Kev tsim khoom xaj yog kim heev, yog li qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws yog ua rau koj tus kheej.
Rau kev tsim kho, koj tuaj yeem siv ntoo coniferous thiab txiav ntoo. Them sai sai rau qhov tseeb tias cov ntoo tau qhuav zoo thiab txawm tias. Ua ntej pib nrog kev teeb tsa ntawm tus qauv, txiav txim siab qhov chaw ntawm nws qhov kev tso kawm. Nco ntsoov tias tus ntaiv mus rau nthab hauv chav da dej yuav tsum nyob tshwj xeeb hauv tsev. Nws tsis tuaj yeem teeb tsa sab nraum zoov. Cov txheej txheem yav tom ntej yuav tsum nyob ntawm ib sab ntawm lub ru tsev. Feem ntau qhov chaw ntawm nws qhov kev teeb tsa yog chav hnav khaub ncaws.
Qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm tus ntaiv yog los ntawm cov hlua:
- Peb ncab ib txoj hlua raws phab ntsa, uas txuas rau sab saud ntawm chav hauv qab nthab thiab qhov chaw uas tus ntaiv pib hauv chav qis.
- Tom ntej no, peb xam tus naj npawb ntawm cov kauj ruam. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm qhov siab yog 20 cm. Lub qaij kaum yog 45 degrees. Qhov siab tsawg kawg yog 12 cm, ntawm 30 degrees. Cov kauj ruam yuav tsum muaj qhov tob ntawm 30 txog 38 cm. Qhov dav dav yog 100-120 cm.
- Ntawm tus stringer, peb qhia cov ces kaum, coj mus rau hauv tus account tus lej ntawm cov kauj ruam. Tawm 50-100 mm ntsia hlau loj rau saum lub rooj tsavxwm. Nws tau tsim los txhawm rau txhim kho lub dawm hauv lub nthab. Hauv qhov sib tshooj nrog txiab, peb gouge zawj rau nws.
- Peb thawj ntsia hlau rau ntawm phab ntsa thiab kos cov kauj ruam siv qib.
- Nruab lub hauv paus ua ntej. Peb kho nws nrog ib qho bar. Peb ntswj cov hlua rau lub hauv paus nrog tus kheej tapping screws. Tom qab ntawd peb txuas thawj kab teeb rau ntawm phab ntsa.
- Peb txhim kho thawj theem qis nrog tus kheej tapping screws.
- Tom ntej no, nruab lub riser.
- Ceev ceev lub nraub qaum. Yog li peb xaws cov hlua rau qhov kawg.
- Peb xaws kab sab nrauv ntawm cov theem nrog plywood lossis lub rooj tsavxwm.
- Nco ntsoov pleev cov pob qij txha nrog cov kua nplaum ntoo. Yog li nws muaj kev nyab xeeb dua, thiab cov ntaiv yuav tsis creak.
Yog tias tus ntaiv nthab ntau dua 120 cm dav, tom qab ntawd tsis xav tau txoj kev tsheb nqaj hlau. Txwv tsis pub, yuav tsum tau racks ntsug ntxiv, uas tau txuas nrog cov hlua. Railings tau txuas rau lawv.
Sab nrauv tiav ntawm lub tsev da dej nrog lub nthab ua los ntawm laminated veneer ntoo
Glued laminated ntoo feem ntau zoo nkaus li zoo nkauj zoo nkauj tom qab teeb tsa. Txhawm rau ua kom cov yam ntxwv ua haujlwm tau zoo, nws yog qhov txaus los khawb ib lub tsev log, tos kom me me thiab qhib nws nrog cov kua roj vanish. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias xav tau, nws tuaj yeem npog nrog cov khoom tiav, piv txwv li, sab. Thov nco ntsoov tias nyob rau hauv txoj kev no nws muaj peev xwm ua kom tiav cov cladding tom qab ua tiav shrinkage.
Cov txheej txheem plating yog ua raws li hauv qab no:
- Caulking da dej. Rau qhov no peb siv tow, flax lossis jute.
- Peb txhuam cov phab ntsa nrog txheej txheej ntawm cov pa ua pa, uas yuav tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob ya raws.
- Peb sau cov phab ntsa nrog lub crate (cov kauj ruam yog nyob ntawm cov khoom siv tiav) thiab ua kom yooj yim sheathing - siding.
- Peb muab cov cua sov rwb thaiv tsev (ntxhia pob zeb) nruab nrab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv.
- Npog sab saum toj ntawm lub rwb thaiv tsev cua sov nrog txheej txheej ntawm kev tiv thaiv dej (piv txwv, isospan).
- Peb txhim kho qhov pib siding bar nrog tus kheej tapping screws thiab teeb cov ces kaum daim.
- Peb nruab cov ntawv ua tiav ntawm cov khoom siv hauv qhov pib thiab kab ib ces kaum.
- Peb sau los ntawm hauv qab. Cov ntu tau koom nrog raws li cov txheej txheem zuag zuag.
- Peb kho qhov kawg bar kawg. Peb ntxig qhov ua tiav rau hauv nws los ntawm hauv qab no.
Sab hauv ntawm chav da dej nrog nthab
Qhov kev xaiv qub rau cladding phab ntsa thiab qab nthab hauv chav da dej yog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ob sab ntawm cov ntoo sib txawv. Rau chav ntxhua khaub ncaws, chav hnav khaub ncaws, chav so thiab nthab, piv txwv li, ntoo thuv qab zib yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Tab sis rau chav chav, cov khoom no tsis haum. Ntoo thuv yuav tso cov yas tawm thaum ua kom sov. Zoo dua los siv larch.
Cov lus qhia kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv zoo li no:
- Sau lub hauv paus hauv qab lub rhaub dej nrog qhov siab txog 15 cm.
- Peb nruab ib lub qhov cub hauv da dej. Tshuab nws yuav tsum mus rau hauv chav hnav khaub ncaws. Lub rhaub hluav taws xob sauna tuaj yeem siv los ua lwm txoj hauv kev rau qhov cub ntoo uas tau hlawv.
- Peb ua cov thav duab rau kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv.
- Peb npog lub crate nrog ntawv ci rwb thaiv tsev.
- Txij li glued laminated ntoo yog ua los ntawm softwood, chav chav yog sheathed nrog hardwood clapboard. Rau chav ntxhua khaub ncaws, chav hnav khaub ncaws thiab nthab peb siv cov khoom tiv taus dej noo raws li peb nyiam.
- Peb muab cov cua sov tso rau saum qab nthab, gluing cov pob qij txha nrog cov kab xev hlau thiab tseem qhwv nws, them nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau cov pob qij txha nrog cov phab ntsa.
- Peb muab ib txheej rwb thaiv tsev tso rau hauv pem teb, tom qab ntawd muaj cov pa thaiv thaiv thiab muab cov khoom pov rau hauv pem teb.
- Tsis tas yuav tsum insulate qab nthab thiab hauv pem teb hauv chav hnav khaub ncaws. Txawm li cas los xij, ua ntej cladding, peb tso cov vapor barrier membrane.
Saib cov vis dis aus hais txog kev tsim kho chav da dej nrog nthab hauv qab no:
Kev da dej nrog lub nthab yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj yog tias koj xav txuag chaw ntawm qhov chaw. Kev xaiv cov khoom siv rau kev tsim kho thiab txoj haujlwm yuav tsum yog raws li koj nyiam thiab peev nyiaj txiag. Nco ntsoov tias txhua lub tsev nyob ntawm qhov chaw yuav tsum sib phim. Thiab cov lus pom zoo muab yuav pab kom paub txawm tias yog cov tswv yim uas muaj peev xwm tshaj plaws.
