Levkas tuaj yeem npaj tau raws li cov zaub mov txawv, txhawm rau txhawm rau pleev xim lub cim, tsim daim duab. Txhawm rau kho kom zoo nkauj phab ntsa, putty thiab txawm tias papier-mâché tau siv los kho lawv raws li txheej txheem levkas. Painting yog ib daim duab uas muaj ntau yam. Muaj cov txheej txheem nthuav rau tsim cov khoom ntxim nyiam. Txawm tias nyob rau hnub qub, cov kws pleev xim rau ntawm tsob ntoo. Hauv ib nrab teev koj yuav tuaj yeem ua koj tus kheej.
Peb tsim cov duab tha xim uas siv cov txheej txheem gesso
Lo lus no los ntawm cov lus Greek qub leukós, uas txhais tau tias "dawb". Thaum lub caij nyoog nruab nrab ntawm Lavxias, qhov no yog lub npe ntawm cov av uas tau siv hauv kev pleev xim. Tom qab xyoo pua 17th, qhov no yog lub npe ntawm cov txheej txheem pleev xim. Lawv siv cov chalk dawb sib xyaw nrog cov kua nplaum los yog npaj ua tsiaj. Nws tau ua ntawv thov rau lub rooj ntoo thiab cov khoom tsim tau tsim.
Tam sim no cov kws txawj siv cov khoom siv niaj hnub ntau dua. Koj tuaj yeem rov hais dua chav kawm tus tswv uas tau nthuav tawm thiab nrhiav seb leej twg.
Txhawm rau tsim cov duab tha xim, koj yuav tsum xub npaj lub rooj tsavxwm. Nws tsis muaj teeb meem yog tias nws du lossis ntxhib. Hauv qhov no, tus tswv siv ib qho.
Lubricate qhov khoob no nrog PVA kua nplaum thiab qhwv nws rau ntawm xub ntiag thiab sab nrog daim ntaub. Tom qab ntawd thov PVA kua nplaum rau saum cov ntaub qhwv nrog txhuam.
Hauv ib lub thawv uas tsis tsim nyog, sib tov gypsum thiab PVA hauv qhov sib piv ntawm ib rau ob. Tam sim no nchuav dej thiab ua kom muaj zog kom qhov sib xws ntawm cov khoom no zoo ib yam li qaub cream.
Plaster hardens sai. Yog li ntawd, tam sim no nws yog qhov tsim nyog los daws cov khoom no nkaus xwb, tsis txhob cuam tshuam los ntawm kev hu xov tooj thiab haus luam yeeb so. Ntxiv me me ntawm cov xim av xim av rau cov pawg no thiab ua kom rov zoo dua. Koj tau txais gesso, zoo ib yam li siv los ntawm cov neeg pleev xim lub cim qub. Hauv qhov no, cov kua nplaum tau hloov pauv nrog PVA thiab gypsum.
Riam phom nrog rab riam yas lossis lwm yam khoom tsim nyog, koj yuav tsum nthuav tawm cov pawg no ntawm cov ntaub qhwv uas lo rau ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm. Koj tuaj yeem siv rab riam palette hloov riam.
Cov txheej yuav tsum loj txaus los muab qhov xav tau ntawm daim ntaub. Yog li ntawd, koj tsis tas yuav ua kom zoo ib yam.
Yog tias koj txiav txim siab koom nrog txoj kev muaj tswv yim zoo, tom qab ntawd nws yog qhov zoo dua los ua ob peb lub rooj sib tham ib zaug kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam nrog txhua tus ntawm lawv ib leeg.
Thaum huab cua qhuav, qhov saum npoo yuav tsum tau xuab zeb nrog cov ntawv xuab zeb. Siv cov ntawv nruab nrab mus rau cov ntawv ntxhib, tab sis tsis txhob nqa ntau dhau, vim qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau puas txheej ntawm cov kua nplaum gypsum thiab cov ntaub qhwv hauv qab yuav tig mus ua xov. Tom qab ntawd txoj haujlwm yuav zoo li ntxhib.
Tam sim no koj tuaj yeem kos tus qauv ntawm daim duab yav tom ntej nrog tus xaum rau ntawm daim ntaub npaj, thiab kos tus thawj coj nrog pleev xim acrylic. Kos cov ntsiab lus nrog cov xim pleev xim, lawv haum zoo rau ntawm cov xim acrylic.
Tam sim no koj yuav tsum tau nphoo cov txuj ci no nrog cov kua roj vanish, uas tau muag hauv khw muag khoom kos duab, thiab thaum nws qhuav, koj cov xim tha xim tiav.
Saib yuav ua li cas ntxiv koj tuaj yeem npaj lub hauv paus siv cov txheej txheem levkas. Cov qauv no yog siv los kos cov cim.
Yuav ua li cas thiaj ua tau lub cim icon siv cov txheej txheem gesso?
Lawv tuaj yeem yog qhov sib txawv. Feem ntau cov laug cam tau txuas nrog lub txee, dhau los lossis xaus cov dowels. Hauv qhov no, lub hau kawg tau siv. Lawv khaws cov khoom zoo nkauj ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm thiab muab lub zog zoo dua.
Kev so yuav tsum tau txiav ntawm lub ntsej muag ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm, nws hu ua lub nkoj, uas muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm sab ntsuj plig. Muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm lub nkoj thiab cov teb, uas yog hu ua husk. Cov teb tau dai kom zoo nkauj los ntawm npog lawv nrog cov xim pleev xim, cov qauv lossis los ntawm kev siv cov duab ntawm cov neeg ntseeg.
Tam sim no qhov khoob no yuav tsum tau npog nrog daim ntaub. Rau qhov no, cov ntaub paj rwb yog qhov tsim nyog, uas yuav tsum tau muab lo rau ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm. Hauv qhov no, tus kws tshaj lij siv cov khoom siv ntuj tsim, yog li nws tau siv cov kua nplaum rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
Nws tau muag qhuav thiab yuav tsum tau tsau hauv dej ib hmo kom nws ntub thaum lub sijhawm no. Tom qab ntawd thaum sawv ntxov nws yuav tsum tau ua kom sov hauv chav dej kom txog 60 degrees kom nws dhau los ua kua ntau. Tam sim no me ntsis ziab roj ntxiv rau nws, tom qab ntawd cov kua nplaum ua yas.
Nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ntxuav thiab qhuav cov ntaub ua ntej. Tam sim no nws tau muab tso rau hauv cov kua nplaum npaj tau, thiab tom qab nws tau tsau, nws tau nyem tawm thiab siv rau ntawm lub rooj tsav xwm kom tshem tawm huab cua los ntawm hauv qab daim ntaub. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, txhuam cov canvas maj mam nrog koj txhais tes los ntawm nruab nrab mus rau ntawm ntug.
Tawm qhov no kom qhuav rau ib hnub, tab sis tam sim no nyeem yuav ua li cas levkas tau ua raws li daim ntawv qhia thib ob. Yuav ib qho tshwj xeeb tev daim av, ncuav nws mus rau hauv lub thawv loj, sau nws nrog dej thiab tseem tso nws rau ib hnub kom nws daws tau. Tam sim no ntws cov dej, sau nws nrog ib qho tshiab. Tom qab ib hnub, tshem dej dua.
Yog tias koj muaj sijhawm, yaug cov chalk li no ib lub lim tiam. Tom qab ntawd lub gesso yuav tsum tau welded. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, ua kom sov cov tawv nqaij rov qab mus rau 60 degrees, tseem nchuav cov roj kom qhuav ntawm no thiab nchuav cov av nplaum. Koj yuav nkag siab ntau npaum li cas koj xav tau. Thaum xub thawj, cov chalk yuav pib khom, thiab thaum nws twb nyob saum cov kua nplaum, nws txhais tau tias koj tsis tas yuav nchuav ntxiv lawm.
Tshem lub thawv los ntawm cua sov thiab txias me ntsis. Tam sim no koj tuaj yeem thov thawj lub tsho tiv no ntawm cov khoom no rau hauv lub rooj npaj thiab tawm mus kom qhuav. Cov seem ntawm cov kua nplaum yuav tsum tau npog nrog lub hau ua los ntawm paj rwb, uas tau qhwv hauv ib daim ntaub qhwv, thiab lub ntim yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm mus rau lub tub yees.
Yog tias koj pleev xim rau lub cim cim nyob rau yav tsaus ntuj, tom qab hnub tom qab koj tuaj yeem thov gesso rau nws. Ua kom nws du rau ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm nrog rab riam palette lossis lwm yam khoom zoo sib xws. Koj yuav xav tau 7 cov txheej txheem zoo li no. Yog li koj yuav thov lawv txhua lub lim tiam.
Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom hauv daim duab, koj tseem tuaj yeem faib cov levkas nrog daim npav yas, thiab saum npoo yuav tiaj. Thaum tag nrho cov txheej tau qhuav, nws tuaj yeem ua xuab zeb saum npoo ntawm cov haujlwm, ua ntej nrog cov ntawv ntxhib ntxhib, thiab tom qab ntawd nrog ib qho zoo dua.
Tam sim no koj yuav tsum tau txhuam cov seem ntawm cov av nplaum nrog txhuam thiab koj tuaj yeem siv daim duab kos rau qhov ua haujlwm npaj kom thiaj li sau tau lub cim.
Los ntawm levkas, ntau txoj haujlwm tau ua tiav hauv cov txheej txheem terra. Rau cov ntaub ntawv zoo li no, lub hauv paus yog ua ntej, tom qab ntawd paj tau lo rau nws thiab ua haujlwm tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog tshuaj tsuag xim, gouache.
Cov txheej txheem Terra-ua-nws-koj tus kheej panels
Txhawm rau ua cov toj roob hauv pes hauv lub hli, koj yuav xav tau:
- paj ntawm celosia;
- paj qhuav;
- tus pas nrig;
- daim ntaub
- primed duab los qhia;
- PVA kua nplaum;
- putty;
- xim tsaus;
- tshuaj tsuag xim;
- gouache;
- thav duab
Qhuav tag nrho cello. Koj tseem tuaj yeem siv Rigan inflorescence, mimosa zaub ntsuab.
Nqa cov ntawv los xij nrog daim ntaub, siv PVA rau nws thiab qhuav li ib nrab teev. Ua kev daws teeb meem suav nrog PVA, pleev xim thiab xim tsaus. Thov qhov loj ntawm daim ntaub thiab tos kom nws qhuav.
Cov nroj tsuag qhuav yuav tsum tau tsau ua ntej thiab tom qab ntawd ua raws li cov phiaj xwm tau npaj tseg.
Ua lub yacht los ntawm cov paj qhuav ntawm qhov tsim nyog. Tsim cov mast los ntawm ib tus pas los ntawm gluing nws. Ua lub nkoj los ntawm kev daws teeb meem ua ntej, uas suav nrog kua nplaum, tso xim thiab xim tsaus.
Muab cov ntoo tso rau ntawm qhov chaw npaj thiab npog lawv nrog kev daws teeb meem saum toj. Thaum koj lubricate txhua txoj haujlwm nrog cov pawg no, nws yuav tsum tau sab laug rau ib hnub kom qhuav.
Tom qab ntawd, koj yuav tsum tau txau lub vaj huam sib luag nrog cov xim pleev xim rau hauv cov tshuaj aerosol thiab saib seb daim duab yuav tsum tau ntim nrog lwm yam. Peb txuas ntxiv tsim hauv levkas cov txheej txheem ntxiv. Hauv qhov no, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los lo cov ceg ntoo hauv cov ces kaum sab saud kom puv qhov chaw no.
Tam sim no koj yuav tsum pleev xim ua haujlwm nrog xiav gouache thiab qhuav kom txog thaum kawg. Nws tseem yuav nphoo lub vaj huam sib luag nrog cov kua roj vanish hauv cov tshuaj tsuag, thiab tom qab ntawd - pleev xim rau hauv cov tshuaj tsuag tsuag.
Muab qhov kawg nrog txhuam thiab pleev xim. Kos lub hli thiab lub teeb pom kev zoo uas nws tawm ntawm qhov dej.
Txhua yam uas tseem tshuav yog xaiv lub thav duab ntawm qhov loj me thiab xim. Yog tias koj tsis txaus siab nrog qhov ua tiav, ces ua koj tus kheej.
Siv cov txheej txheem levkas, koj tuaj yeem tsim tsis tsuas yog duab thiab vaj huam sib luag, tab sis kuj kho kom zoo nkauj phab ntsa. Putty yuav siv ntawm no los ua cov khoom tseem ceeb.
Yuav ua li cas embossed plaster ua?
Ua ntej, saib yuav ua li cas tsim cov vaj huam sib luag volumetric. Nws yuav ua tiav ntawm phab ntsa tom qab lub txaj. Ua ntej koj yuav tsum ua tus kos duab ntawm kev ua haujlwm yav tom ntej ntawm daim ntawv thiab siv cov cuab yeej tsim nyog.
Tam sim no koj yuav tsum tau sib xyaw ua kom tiav thiab pib ua acrylic putty kom cov khoom sib xws zoo li tuab qaub cream. Ua ntawv thov cov tshuaj sib xyaw no rau saum npoo huv hauv ib txheej ntawm 1-2 hli. Tam sim no tig lub spatula nrog ntug rau koj thiab siv qhov nyem nyob rau hauv cov lus tsa suab, tom qab ntawd tshem tawm cov ntug ntawm cov nthwv dej kom lawv dhau los ua neeg zoo.
Ua rau tus cwj nrag dav dua los ntawm twb tuav tus spatula yuav luag tiaj tus. Siv rab riam palette, kos nplooj rau ntawm tus qauv no.
Nov yog yuav ua li cas levkas tau ua ntxiv. Siv rab riam palette, koj yuav tsum tau ua ob peb nplooj hauv cov txheej txheem zoo sib xws, thiab tseem piav txog paj.
Dilute acrylic putty kom nws tsis txhob khiav tawm ntawm phab ntsa vim yog qhov tshwm sim, tab sis ntog hauv ib txheej nyias. Ntaus nws mus rau hauv rab koob kho mob yam tsis muaj rab koob thiab siv nws rau ntawm phab ntsa, ua raws daim duab. Nws tseem tshuav qhov tseem ceeb thiab pleev xim rau nws.
Yog tias koj txaus siab rau txoj hauv kev kos duab nrog rab koob, tom qab ntawv nyeem nws kom ntxaws. Cov txheej txheem no tseem zoo nyob hauv qhov uas ob txhais tes huv huv thiab tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom me tshaj plaws. Nov yog theem kev ua tiav ntawm txoj haujlwm:
- Siv lub raj mis. Lub koob tsis xav tau muab ntxaws rau hauv nws, tab sis nws yog qhov tsim nyog los tsa lub piston, tib lub sijhawm khaws cov kua ua kua.
- Qhov loj no yuav tsum tau nyem tawm mus rau kab ntawm daim duab ntawm phab ntsa uas yav tas los tau kos nrog tus xaum lossis lub cim ntxuav dej.
- Tos kom txog thaum cov tshuaj ziab, tom qab uas koj yuav tsum tau dilute cov xim raws dej nrog zas xim thiab npog qhov ua haujlwm tiav nrog cov khoom siv no siv daim txhuam cev.
- Yog li, rov ua dua txhua yam ntsiab lus, lawv yuav tsum tau pleev xim dua. Vim li cas koj ho txhuam me ntsis thiab pleev xim.
Yog tias koj xav tau daim duab ntau ntxiv ntawm phab ntsa, tom qab ntawd tsim nws siv tsis tsuas yog gesso, tab sis kuj yog ntawv.
Papier-mâché cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub
Cov ntses zoo li no tuaj yeem ua rau ntawm phab ntsa lossis ntawm daim ntaub tuab.
Rau qhov no koj yuav tsum coj:
- ntawv pulp;
- PVA kua nplaum;
- hauv pem teb mastic, uas yog ua los ntawm cov zib ntab;
- acrylic xim;
- raws li kev kho kom zoo nkauj: CD disks; sequins; hlaws dai; hlaws dai.
Yog tias koj xav ua daim duab mobile, tom qab ntawd siv hardboard, plywood, chipboard thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv zoo sib xws ua lub hauv paus. Npaj lub hauv paus thiab hloov daim duab mus rau nws siv daim ntawv carbon lossis kos nws los ntawm txhais tes. Tam sim no koj yuav tsum ua qhov hnyav rau papier-mâché tawm ntawm daim ntawv. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj tuaj yeem sib xyaw cov ntawv tso quav nrog PVA kua nplaum lossis siv lwm yam zaub mov txawv.
Thov PVA kua nplaum rau lub hauv paus thiab txuas cov ntawv ntawm papier-mâché ntawm no ua vaj huam sib luag, thiab sib txuas ua ke loj kom cov ntaub ntawv no tsim cov paj zoo nkauj. Ua nws tus Tsov tus tw tawm ntawm cov ntawv qhwv, uas yuav tsum tau ua kom ntub nrog cov kua ua kua uas muaj dej thiab PVA kua nplaum. Nws yog qhov zoo los tsim cov ntsiab lus los ntawm cov khoom siv no, vim tias nws zoo nkauj.
Ua cais lub teeb plaub ntawm cov duab los qhia, tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum pleev xim rau nws. Kua nplaum ntawm iav hlaws dai kom zoo nkauj peacock tus Tsov tus tw.
Qee qhov npauj npaim tawg tau ua los ntawm cov khib nyiab los ntawm CDs. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj yuav tsum txiav lawv tawm nrog txiab, thiab tom qab ntawd muab lo rau ntawm tis ntawm cov kab no.
Kev ua tiav yuav tsum tau ua ntej, thiab tom qab ntawd siv ob peb txheej xim.
Koj tuaj yeem siv cov xim zaj sawv lossis cov xim tsaus. Txhua yam nws nyob ntawm tus qauv xim ntawm chav thiab koj nyiam.
Yog tias koj tsis paub xim twg los ua haujlwm nrog, tom qab ntawd nrog dawb. Tom qab tag nrho, cov xim nruab nrab no haum rau yuav luag txhua chav tsim.
Koj tuaj yeem ua si nrog cov xim, siv lawv hauv ob peb txheej kom tau txais qhov ntxoov ntxoo zoo.
Thaum cov xim tau qhuav, koj yuav tsum tau siv cov kua roj vanish lossis ciab rau saum nws. Cov ciab yog thov nrog ib daim ntawm cov roj hmab ua npuas ncauj. Thiab thaum nws qhuav, txhuam cov haujlwm kom zoo zoo kom ci nrog daim ntaub mos muag.
Tam sim no koj paub tias levkas yog dab tsi, yuav tsim cov phiajcim siv cov txheej txheem no thiab kho chav nyob li cas siv cov tswv yim ntawm kev tsim ub no.
Peb caw koj kom paub cov ntaub ntawv yees duab. Thawj zaj lus qhia qhia yuav ua li cas levkas rau kev pleev xim duab.
Qhov yeeb yaj kiab mini thib ob yuav pab koj nkag siab tias gesso tau siv los kho qhov chaw.
