Dab tsi yog kis, ua noj nta. Tus nqi noj haus thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg. Cov txiaj ntsig thiab raug mob thaum noj, zaub mov txawv rau cov tais diav nrog cov khoom no. Cov lus tseeb nthuav txog cov khoom siv mis nyuj ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg.
Kev sib kis yog cov khoom tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm cov mis nyuj thiab zaub roj. Lub npe los ntawm lo lus Askiv "Tshaj", uas txhais lus txhais tau tias "ncab, zom". Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom: tsis tawg tom qab khov thiab kis tau yooj yim ntawm qhob cij. Tus nqi ntawm cov rog ntuj sib txawv thiab tuaj yeem yog 39-95%. Muaj 3 hom khoom: butter-zaub (ntau dua 50% mis nyuj rog), zaub qab zib (los ntawm 15%) thiab zaub roj. Nyob ntawm qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg, xim hloov pauv - los ntawm cov nplua nuj daj mus rau mis nyuj. Hauv kev tsim khoom lag luam, tsw qab, tsw qab, thiab xim tuaj yeem ntxiv rau butter surrogate.
Npaj kis tau li cas?
Cov khoom no tau tsim tawm hauv ntau txoj hauv kev. Cov kab thev naus laus zis tau teeb tsa hauv chaw yug menyuam, nrog rau lub rhaub dej kub thiab cov neeg ua kom sov tau siv. Hauv qhov xwm txheej tom kawg, kev sib kis tau npaj zoo li butter butter.
Txoj kev hloov pauv ntawm kev teeb tsa tshwj xeeb los ntawm kev hloov pauv:
- Kev lees paub, txheeb thiab tua kab mob ntawm cov khoom siv raw.
- Qhuav cov rog rau hauv cov emulsion thaum rhaub kom 65 ° C.
- Sib tov emulsion nrog mis nyuj sib tov. Muaj 2 qhov kev xaiv sib txuas: cov ntshav ntshav tau nkag rau hauv emulsion lossis hloov pauv. Sib tov 9 "Mona Mis" yog siv los tswj kev sib xyaw.
- Emulsification ntawm cov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm 65 ° C.
- Pasteurization thaum rhuab mus rau 100-108 ° C.
- Txias txias mus rau qhov pib qhov kub ntawm cov txheej txheem.
- Hloov cov roj sib tov sib xyaw kom sib kis hauv lub tshuab ua butter.
Cov theem kawg ntawm kev nthuav tawm kev tsim khoom yog ntim khoom, ntsuas cua sov thiab muag ua ntej muag hauv lub tub yees.
Dairies ua rau kis zoo li qab zib, siv nplawm. Thawj theem ntawm kev tsim khoom zoo ib yam li cov uas tau piav qhia lawm. Tab sis es tsis txhob emulsification, cov roj emulsion yog homogenized hauv chav siab ntawm qhov siab ntawm 1-5 atm thiab ua kom sov txog 60-65 ° C. Tom qab ntawd qhov sib tov yog pasteurized, tov nrog qab zib. Qhov sib xyaw ua ke tau txias rau 68 ° C thiab sab laug kom paub tab rau 8-20 teev.
Nyob rau theem kawg, cov khoom nruab nrab yog rhaub kom 10-12 ° C thiab nplawm hauv qhov kev teeb tsa qhov twg butter feem ntau yog nplawm. Tom qab ntawd lub ntim tau nqa tawm thiab txias.
Qhov sib xws ntawm kev sib kis tiav yog qhov tsis sib xws, saum npoo yog ci. Cov khoom ntim ua ntej tsis hloov pauv lawv cov khoom thaum kub kub, tsis txhob tawg thaum khov, tsis txhob sib cais thaum muag muag lossis yaj. Cov khoom noj ntxiv tau ntxiv nyob rau theem ntawm lub tshuab ua butter lossis nplawm.
Txhawm rau nthuav tawm hauv tsev, koj xav tau cov khoom lag luam hauv qab no:
- Roj zaub: khoom (txiv maj phaub, cocoa lossis xibtes) thiab kua (txiv ntseej, paj noob hlis lossis paj noob hlis), tsis ua kom zoo;
- Quail qe yolks;
- Mis nrog cov ntsiab lus rog ntawm 1, 2 txog 2, 5%;
- Spices, seasonings thiab spices mus saj.
Quail qe tuaj yeem hloov nrog cov qe qaib, tab sis nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias kev kho cua sov tsis ua tiav. Kev hloov pauv yuav pab tiv thaiv kev txhim kho salmonellosis. Cov kab mob feem ntau nkag mus rau hauv lub plab zom mov nrog rau cov qe qaib tsis kho.
Algorithm rau kev nthuav tawm hauv tsev:
- Cov roj butter, 200 g, yaj hauv lub microwave microwave (hauv dej da dej), txiav ua tej daim me me.
- Ncuav cov txiaj ntsig emulsion rau hauv cov roj zaub (me ntsis tsawg dua ib khob), muab cov tais diav nrog cov dej khov sib xyaw thiab sib tov nrog cov dej sib tov ntawm qhov qeeb qeeb.
- Nyias tuav 4 quail yolks nrog rab rawg nrog 2 tsp. mis.
- Ua ke, ntxiv ntsev, kua txob, txiav tshuaj ntsuab, kua txiv qaub.
Ncuav rau hauv pwm, txias hauv lub tub yees kom txog thaum nws thickens thiab tawv. Koj yuav tsum tau noj cov qhob qhob kis hauv 3 hnub. Tab sis ib qho uas tau yuav hauv khw muag khoom tuaj yeem khaws cia txog li rau lub hlis.
Muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov ntsiab lus calorie ntawm kev sib kis
Tus nqi noj haus ntawm cov khoom lag luam nyob ntawm cov mis muaj roj cov ntsiab lus, tsw qab, hom thiab ntau yam.
Qhov nruab nrab cov ntsiab lus calorie ntawm kev sib kis yog 663 kcal, ntawm uas:
- Cov protein - 0.9 g;
- Rog - 72.5 g;
- Cov carbohydrates - 1.3 g;
- Dej - 46 g;
- Yog ' - 2 g.
Cov vitamins rau 100 g:
- Vitamin A, RE - 819 mcg;
- Beta Carotene - 0.61 mg;
- Vitamin B1, thiamine - 0.01 mg;
- Vitamin B2, riboflavin - 0.04 mg;
- Vitamin B4, choline - 6.5 mg;
- Vitamin B6, pyridoxine - 0.01 mg;
- Vitamin B9, folate - 2 mcg;
- Vitamin B12, cobalamin - 0.1 μg;
- Vitamin C, ascorbic acid - 0.1 mg;
- Vitamin E, alpha tocopherol - 5.7 mg;
- Vitamin K, phylloquinone - 57.6 mcg;
- Vitamin PP - 0.03 mg.
Macronutrients rau 100 g:
- Potassium, K - 37 mg;
- Calcium, Ca - 28 mg;
- Magnesium, Mg - 2 mg;
- Sodium, Na - 607 mg;
- Phosphorus, P - 23 mg.
Microelements rau 100 g:
- Hlau, Fe - 0.09 mg;
- Tooj liab, Cu - 5 μg;
- Selenium, Se - 0.5 μg;
- Zinc, Zn - 0.02 mg.
Kev sib kis muaj cov roj (cholesterol) - 71 mg rau 100 g.
Fatty acids rau 100 g:
- Omega -3 - 0.698 g;
- Omega -6 - 10.601 g.
Cov roj fatty acids uas txaus rau 100 g:
- Butter - 0.522 g;
- Nylon - 0.309 g;
- Caprylic - 0.18 g;
- Lauric - 0.452 g;
- Myristic - 1.702 g;
- Palmitic - 8.31 g;
- Stearic acid - 4.435 g.
Monounsaturated fatty acids rau 100 g:
- Palmitoleic - 0.361 g;
- Oleic (omega -9) - 19.128 g;
Polyunsaturated fatty acids rau 100 g:
- Linoleic acid - 601 g;
- Linolenic - 0.698 g.
Qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm kev sib kis yog nplua nuj heev. Nws muaj cov as -ham thiab cov vitamins los ntawm cov rog rog thiab zaub. Qhov no tso cai rau koj ntxiv lub cev nrog cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig yam tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntau dhau nrog cov roj cholesterol tsis zoo. Vim nws cov khoom tshwj xeeb, cov khoom raug pom zoo kom suav nrog hauv cov khoom noj kom yuag.
Cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sib kis
Thawj zaub-rog sib xyaw hauv 20-30s. Xyoo pua XX tau muag hauv cov chaw muag tshuaj. Lawv tsuas tuaj yeem yuav nrog zaub mov txawv.
Cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev sib kis yog vim muaj cov ntsiab lus muaj roj tsawg thiab nplua nuj cov vitamins thiab cov muaj pes tsawg leeg:
- Txhim kho kev zom zaub mov, tiv thaiv cem quav, ua kom tshem tawm cov co toxins thiab co toxins los ntawm lub cev.
- Ua kom cov ntshav khiav tau zoo, tiv thaiv kev tso cov roj "phem" rau ntawm phab ntsa ntawm cov hlab ntshav.
- Tiv thaiv kev laus ntawm lub cev thaum ntxov vim yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm vitamin E.
- Stabilizes lipid-fat metabolism thiab theem ntawm acid-base balance.
- Txo kev pheej hmoo ntawm exacerbation ntawm ischemic kab mob, muaj peev xwm ntawm kev txhim kho mob hlab ntsha tawg thiab lub plawv nres.
- Txo qhov tshwm sim ntawm txha thiab mob caj dab.
- Muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev ua haujlwm pom kev.
- Nws muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob antioxidant thiab txhawb kev tshem tawm cov roj cholesterol los ntawm cov hlab ntshav.
- Txhim kho kev txav mus los ntawm cov pob qij txha ntawm cov leeg musculoskeletal.
- Txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm daim tawv nqaij, plaub hau thiab rau tes.
Thaum ntxiv nrog ascorbic acid (qhia cov kua txiv kab ntxwv rau hauv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg), cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sib kis tau ua tiav los ntawm tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam. Muaj peev xwm nkag tau rau hauv kev noj haus ntawm cov neeg mob ntawm txhua lub hnub nyoog, thaum cev xeeb tub thiab lactation. Tab sis nws tshwj xeeb tshaj yog siv cov khoom no rau kev rog. Hloov cov ntawv qhia zaub mov tsis yog tsuas yog pab kom tau txais qhov xav tau, tab sis kuj tseem tshem tawm qhov tsis xav tau ntawm qhov hnyav nce: nce ntshav siab, kev txhim kho ntawm varicose leeg, osteochondrosis thiab teeb meem nrog cov hlab plawv.
Contraindications thiab raug mob ntawm kev kis
Kev tsis ncaj ncees rau kev taw qhia cov khoom tshiab rau hauv kev noj zaub mov tsis tu ncua tau tshwm sim vim muaj cov rog trans hauv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Tab sis qhov ntau tshaj ntawm cov kev ntxiv no suav nrog tsuas yog cov khoom cuav pheej yig, ua txhaum ntawm kev siv tshuab ua noj. Yog tias koj tsis yuav khoom cuav, yuav tsis muaj kev phom sij los ntawm kev siv kev sib kis.
Tab sis tseem, txhawm rau zam kev muaj teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv, xaiv cov zaub cog tsis tau qhia rau hauv cov ntawv qhia zaub mov rau cov neeg mob qog noj ntshav, menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 2 xyoos, thiab poj niam cev xeeb tub. Cov txiaj ntsig kev noj qab haus huv tsis tau nkag siab tag nrho, lossis nws tsis paub tias cov txiv maj phaub sib xyaw yuav ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab mob loj hlob li cas.
Nws yuav tsum tau nyob hauv siab tias cov creamy zaub muaj pes tsawg leeg muaj cov ntsiab lus calories ntau thiab zoo ib yam hauv cov khoom rau butter. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog zam kev ua phem ntawm cov khoom lag luam nrog kev rog hnyav - twb dhau los ntawm qib peb, mob ntshav qab zib mellitus thiab mob qog noj ntshav hauv theem nquag.
Thaum thawj tus neeg paub nrog saj tshiab, kev txhim kho ntawm kev tsis haum tshuaj tuaj yeem ua tau vim tsis quav ntsej cov khoom.
Tshaj tawm cov zaub mov txawv
Cov khoom no tuaj yeem hloov butter hauv cov qhaub cij, ua khob noom cookie rau nws, cov kua ntses tau npaj nrog nws.
Zaub Zaub Zaub:
- Cream "Sweet Tooth" … Xa mus rau lub tais tais: 100 g zib ntab, 2 tbsp. l. suab thaj xim av, 6 quail qe qe, ib nrab khob iav hnyav thiab 80 g ntawm butter-zaub kis, tom qab yaj nws. Yeej ntawm kev kub ceev kom txog thaum tau txais huab cua loj. Tshaj tawm cov tsev me cheese hauv thawj txheej ntawm lub phaj, tom qab ntawd cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo kom saj thiab ua tib zoo kom lub npuas "cap" tsis poob, nthuav cov nplawm nplawm nrog rab diav.
- Sandwich … Cov qhob cij yog txiav rau hauv daim nyias nyias thiab kib hauv cov zaub zaub kom txog thaum nkig me ntsis. Txhua txheej yog smeared nrog cov sib tov sib xyaw, nplooj zaub xas lav, daim tawv ntawm cov cheese thiab nqaij npua, cov txiv lws suav thiab cov tshuaj ntsuab kom saj tau kis ntawm lawv.
- Casserole … Yeej 2 qe nrog piam thaj - 3 tbsp. l., Ntxiv, ntaus nrawm nrog nplawm nrog 200 g ntawm tsev cheese. Maj mam, hliv ib nrab khob hmoov nplej hauv cov kwj deg nyias. Ntxiv 80 g ntawm qaub cream thiab 20 kis, dej qab zib, slaked nrog vinegar. Thaum nws muaj peev xwm kom tau txais cov qauv sib xws kiag li, nws tau nchuav rau hauv cov pwm silicone txau nrog hmoov. Ci ntawm 180 ° C kom txog thaum Golden xim av.
- Spread sandwich kis … Cov kua txob liab liab tau ci tshaj qhov qhib hluav taws, raug nplawm ntawm rab rawg, los ntawm txhua sab. Tom qab ntawd nws tau txias, cov noob raug tshem tawm thiab daim tawv nqaij tau sib cais. Nyob rau hauv ib lub tais enamel, ua ke 500 g ntawm creamy kis, 3 tbsp. l. mayonnaise, pieces ntawm liab ci kua txob thiab av dub, ntxiv ntsev. Ntxiv ntsuab dos. Tshaj tawm ntawm qhob cij.
- Khoom qab zib txiv ntoo … Cov khoom qab zib yog cua sov, nplawm hauv rab nrog rau cov qhob noom xim kasfes thiab cov txiv ntseej lossis cov txiv ntseej sib xyaw - cashews, hazelnuts, walnuts. Vanilla qab zib ntxiv. Tub yees ua ntej siv.
- Squash kis … Tev zaub, tshem tawm cov noob (yog tias tsim nyog), rub rau ntawm cov ntxhib ntxhib. Tshav kub lub frying lauj kaub thiab stew zucchini ntawm cov zaub kis kom txog thaum kev sib tw, nrog ntsev thiab kua txob. Sai li cov kua tau evaporated, tua lub lauj kaub thiab hloov cov ntsiab lus mus rau sab cib kom tshem tawm tag nrho cov kua txiv ntxiv. Ib feem peb ntawm ib khob ntawm walnuts yog kib - grease lub lauj kaub raws li rau zucchini, phaus rau hauv hmoov. Sib tov tag nrho cov khoom xyaw hauv lub tais enamel, ncuav hauv ib nrab khob ntawm yogurt, ntxiv tws parsley thiab dill, lub caij nrog cov roj paj noob hlis. Qhov muab tshuaj txhuam yog smeared nrog qhob cij.
- Cupcakes … Ntxiv 2 qe thiab tuav kom txog thaum lather. Ntxiv ib khob suab thaj thiab rov ua cov txheej txheem kom txog thaum muaj huab cua dawb dawb tau txais. Qhuav 100 g ntawm creamy kis, ncuav rau hauv lub qe, ntxiv 4-4, 5 khob mis, 2 tsp. cinnamon, zest ntawm ib lub txiv kab ntxwv, ib rab diav ntawm ci ci thiab 150 g ntawm qaub cream. Lub khob noom cookie tau tso cai sawv ntsug tsawg kawg 25 feeb. Lawv tau nchuav rau hauv cov pwm silicone tsis muaj roj rau lawv, ci ntawm 180 ° C, txheeb xyuas kev npaj nrog tus pas txhuam hniav. Thaum nws qhuav, koj tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov ncuav muffins.
Koj tuaj yeem sim ua qhov tsis paub kawg nrog cov zaub mov txawv, hloov margarine hauv pob thiab ntxiv cov khoom qub rau cov ntses es tsis txhob siv butter.
Cov lus pom tseeb txog kev kis
Kev noj qab nyob zoo nyob rau sab hnub poob thiab Asmeskas tau pib saib xyuas hauv 50-60s. xyoo dhau los Txawm li ntawd los, cov neeg siv khoom tau ceeb toom txog cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm cov roj (cholesterol) hauv cov zaub mov muaj rog, muaj peev xwm txhim kho cov kab mob txaus ntshai cuam tshuam nrog cov zaub mov muaj calorie ntau dhau. Nws yog lub sijhawm no uas kis tau yeej txoj kev hlub ntawm cov neeg siv khoom.
Cov khoom lag luam no tau los txog rau thaj tsam USSR xyoo 1970, tab sis tsis tau txais koob meej vim yog kev coj noj coj ua txawv. Txhua yam "tsis zoo" tau ua rau (thiab yog) tseem tsis lees paub. Margarine tau lees paub vim tias nws tus nqi qis, thiab cov khoom sib xyaw butter-zaub zoo muaj tus nqi ncaj ncees. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev them nyiaj ntxiv rau tus neeg sawv cev yog dab tsi?
Tam sim no, kev sib kis tau siv, tab sis tsuas yog los ntawm cov neeg txhawb nqa txoj kev noj qab haus huv. Txawm hais tias qhov kev tshaj tawm tsis zoo ntawm "Rama", tib neeg feem ntau tseem smear qhaub cij nrog "Vologda" lossis "Derevensky" butter nrog cov rog ntawm 72%, 85%thiab txawm tias 92%! Kev piav qhia rau qhov no yog tias cov neeg tsim khoom tsis ncaj ncees feem ntau muag margarine hauv qab "kis" hom.
GOST rau kev tsim cov creamy zaub sib xyaw tau qhia tsuas yog hauv 2003. Raws li thev naus laus zis, cov roj cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog 39%, txawm hais tias nws tau tso cai tsim tsuas yog los ntawm roj zaub los ntawm emulsification (tawv).
Hmoov tsis zoo, kev sib kis tseem yog cov khoom lag luam feem ntau dag. Yog li ntawd, thaum yuav khoom, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau nyeem dab tsi tau sau rau ntawm pob. Nws tsis tsim nyog yuav yog nws muaj: E 310, 311, 312, 313, 319, 320, 321. Txawm li cas los xij, koj tuaj yeem luam txhua yam koj xav tau. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los yuav cov khoom lag luam uas tau ntim rau hauv lub thawv yas - nws muaj cov ntsiab lus qis dua ntawm cov rog polyunsaturated.
Nta ntawm ntau hom kev sib kis:
- Zaub-creamy … Tus qauv yog lub teeb, qhov saj yog qab zib, yas. Muaj: skimmed nyuj cov mis thiab roj - xibtes, kua los yog txiv maj phaub. Rog - txog li 82%. Nws muaj peev xwm nkag mus rau emulsifiers, sorbic acid thiab lwm yam muab los ntawm ntuj tsim los rau hauv cov zaub-qab kis.
- Zaub thiab rog … Tsis muaj cov roj (cholesterol). Cov ntsiab lus calorie ntawm qib ntawm 360 kcal. Tus nqi ntawm cov rog trans yog qhov tsawg. Cov rog mis nyuj tau hloov nrog cov paj noob hlis lossis cov roj taum pauv. Raws li ib feem ntawm phytosterols, cov vitamins thiab ntxhia ua. Tus qauv yog feem ntau nco txog margarine.
- Creamy zaub … Qhov saj yog qaub, nws nyuaj rau yaj, cov mis muaj roj cov ntsiab lus tau tso cai txog li 11%. Cov ntsiab lus rog - 50-85%. Nws tsis siv hauv kev noj zaub mov noj, vim tias cov khoom xyaw hauv cov tais diav tsis tau qhia vim muaj kev hloov pauv qis. Nta ntawm cov muaj txiaj ntsig muaj pes tsawg leeg - cov roj ntsha lom, pectin thiab inulin.
Dab tsi yog kis - saib cov vis dis aus:
Xijpeem yam khoom koj yuav, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas nws zoo. Yog tias tom qab kev yuav nws exfoliates, tawg, txiav yog pos huab, qhov saum npoo tsis sib xws, nws yog qhov zoo dua kom tsis txhob saj. Nws yog kev tu siab muab nws pov tseg - lawv knead lub khob noom cookie. Thiab lwm zaus lawv yuav khoom los ntawm lwm lub chaw tsim khoom.
