Kev tawm tsam tshuaj txhaum cai hauv kev sib tw tau ua mus ntev heev. Tshawb nrhiav seb yuav siv tshuaj steroids li cas hauv cov ntshav ntawm cov kis las Olympic. Cov neeg feem coob ntseeg tias doping pib siv hauv kev ncaws pob tom qab tsim thawj AAS. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm keeb kwm tau pom cov ntaub ntawv hais txog qhov tseeb tias Philostratus thiab Galen tseem piav qhia txog kev sim los ntawm cov kis las kom ua kom muaj zog thiab ua siab ntev ntawm Olympic Games uas muaj nyob hauv Ancient Greece. Rau qhov no lawv siv decoctions ntawm cov noob ntawm ntau yam nroj tsuag thiab fungi.
Hauv Loos puag thaum ub, cov tswv cuab sib tw nees tau tig mus rau cov txuj ci zoo sib xws, muab dej haus tshwj xeeb rau lawv uas yuav tsum ua kom lawv lub zog muaj zog. Hauv txhua lub sijhawm, tib neeg xav ua kom muaj zog thiab nrawm dua, siv ntau yam tshuaj rau qhov no. Hnub no peb yuav tham txog kev tswj doping hauv Olympic kev ua si.
Txoj kev # 1: Roj chromatography
Cov kab ntawv Capillary tau dhau los ua cov cuab yeej siv roj chromatography nrov tshaj plaws rau kev xeem doping hnub no. Lawv tau nquag siv thaum ua qhov kev tshuaj xyuas tiav lossis thaum tshawb nrhiav cov khoom tshwj xeeb. Cov kem muaj cov ntu tseem ceeb hauv qab no:
- Txheej tiv thaiv sab nrauv;
- Sorbent txheej;
- Nyob ruaj ruaj.
Sorbent txheej
Cov txheej no yog ua los ntawm cov khoom siv ua kom zoo nkauj zoo nkauj iav quartz. Txij li cov khoom siv no muaj cov pab pawg silanol, nws cov nplaim dej tau nquag thiab tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog qee pab pawg ntawm cov tshuaj ntsuam, piv txwv li, hydroxyl, thiol residues, thiab lwm yam. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, qhov siab tshaj ntawm cov tshuaj kom sib cais tshwm rau ntawm txheej txheej sorbent. Ua ntej siv, txheej sorbent raug rau kev ntxuav tshuaj kom raug thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd cov theem nyob ruaj ruaj tau siv rau nws.
Nyob ruaj ruaj
Hauv txoj hauv kev ntawm kev tswj doping, theem nyob ruaj khov yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Ua tsaug rau nws, nws dhau los ua qhov txiav txim siab lub sijhawm khaws cia, qhov zoo ntawm kev sib cais thiab ruaj khov ntawm qhov siab tshaj ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam. Cov theem nyob ruaj ruaj yog ib feem tshwj xeeb ntawm kab ntawv kab ntsig thiab tau tsim los ntawm cov khoom tshwj xeeb. Feem ntau nws yog qhov hloov pauv polysiloxane nrog qhov ntsuas tsis kam siab.
Cov naj npawb thiab cov qauv ntawm pawg hloov chaw yog tus yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm theem nyob ruaj khov. Txawm li cas los xij, tseem muaj qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb hauv theem nyob ruaj khov, uas yog, nkag siab rau cov pa oxygen. Qhov no ua rau theem kev puas tsuaj ntawm qhov kub.
Lub plhaub sab nrauv
Cov kab ntawv Capillary tsis yooj yim thiab yog li xav tau kev tiv thaiv. Feem ntau, lub plhaub sab nrauv yog ua los ntawm polyimide. Qhov no ua rau txhua kab muaj zog txaus thiab, thaum lub plhaub sab nrauv tau thov, polyimide puv rau hauv txhua qhov microdefects, nres lawv txoj kev txhim kho ntxiv.
Txoj kev # 2: Ua kua chromatography
Hauv kev sib piv nrog cov txheej txheem yav dhau los ntawm kev tswj doping, kua chromatography muaj kev ncaj ncees ntau yam ntawm cov muab tub lim thiab qhov ntau thiab tsawg. Nws tseem yuav tsum tau hais tias thaum siv txoj hauv kev no, nws muaj peev xwm siv ntau txoj hauv kev rau kev cais cov tshuaj.
Hloov chaw ntawm kab capillary, txoj hauv kev no siv cov cartridges. Niaj hnub no, ua tsaug rau kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis, nws muaj peev xwm txo qis lawv qhov loj me thiab tib lub sijhawm nce kev tsim khoom.
Thaum siv cov txheej txheem chromatography, theem nyob ruaj khov yog qhov tseem ceeb. Thaum xaiv nws, ntau qhov tseem ceeb tau muab coj los rau hauv tus account, piv txwv li, qhov loj ntawm cov tshuaj tshawb fawb lossis cov yam ntxwv ntawm tus nqa khoom.
Txoj Kev # 3: Ntes
Kev tshawb nrhiav thiab txheeb xyuas cov tshuaj sib cais los ntawm chromatography thaum lub sij hawm tswj doping yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb. Muaj coob leej ntawm txhua yam ntawm cov kab ke tau siv tam sim no. Nws tsis muaj txiaj ntsig los piav txhua yam, tab sis ob peb ntawm lawv tuaj yeem piav qhia ntxaws.
Ntshav ionization ntes
Cov cuab yeej no tau siv hauv cov pa roj carbon chromatography thiab tuaj yeem hu ua ntau yam ntawm txhua yam uas twb muaj lawm. Tawm hauv kab lus capillary, cov pa sib xyaw nrog huab cua, uas muaj cov pa hydrogen ntau. Qhov sib xyaw ua ke tom qab ntawd hlawv. Tom qab kev sib txuas ntawm hydrogen, qee qhov ions ntawm cov khoom no tseem nyob hauv huab cua.
Txawm li cas los xij, thaum lub sij hawm pyrolysis, ntau yam tshuaj organic kuj tsim hluav taws xob thiab ions, uas ua rau kom muaj kev ua tau zoo dua qub. Thaum qhov hluav taws xob tau siv rau kev khaws cov hluav taws xob, qhov hluav taws xob tam sim no tshwm sim, lub zog uas yog sib piv rau qhov ntau ntawm cov qauv hauv kev tshawb fawb, uas hlawv tawm tom qab tawm hauv kab capillary. Tom qab ntawd, nws tseem tsuas yog ntsuas lub zog tam sim no siv lub ammeter.
Koj yuav kawm paub txog kev tswj doping hauv kev ua kis las Olympic los ntawm zaj dab neeg no:
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